Book of Avalikin - User contributions [en]

Magnus

2026-01-30T17:22:32Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image = File:Screenshot4713.png
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Enhanced color image of Magnus taken by probe fly-by
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.47|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = Tidally locked
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

= Physical characteristics =

Magnus is the innermost and also smallest terrestrial planet of the Solakku system, consisting of approximately 60% metallic and 40% silicate material. It appears to have a crust varying in density between the night and day sides, which is partially molten on the latter side of the planet, sitting atop a solid mantle encasing a core consisting of solid and liquid layers. Exact compositions or sizes of these layers are difficult to determine due to the hostility of Magnus’ surface.

= Surface geology =

== Near side ==

Magnus is tidally locked to Solakku, with the day side receiving an average of 97.7kW/m² of solar flux, heating it to up to 1200K, the point of minerals with lower melting points softening or melting entirely. The molten mineral naturally flows to fill depressions in the terrain, most prominently impact craters, creating a distinctive appearance of liquid mineral filled lakes and oceans, colloquially referred to as "lava oceans". This is technically a misnomer as the liquid stems from melting by solar radiation, rather than volcanic activity, which does occur on Magnus.

Minerals with a higher melting point still soften under the intense heat, making the surface of Magnus relatively smooth on the Solakku-facing side, as any steep terrain features would shrink or collapse under their own weight. This process gradually erases all impact craters as well, with even smaller craters smoothing over in just a few years.

Due to this only partially-solid state of the surface, it begins to behave more like a sponge due to small bubbles and pores forming in the rock. These create capillary forces that may draw in molten mineral to fill the space, meaning that the amount of liquid on Magnus is far greater than what can be seen from space, but also that the ground near the shores of Magnus can take on mud-like characteristics, but with superheated minerals rather than water.

== Far side ==

Magnus’ far side is in perpetual darkness, allowing it to cool and solidify. Larger structures such as mountains can theoretically exist here, but very few examples of such terrain features can be found, with most having been created by impactors, as their craters are not erased by heat on this side. Further surface analysis also showed large basins of solid igneous rock surrounded by cool but porous metamorphic rock, which suggests that the surface on this side was also once subjected to intense heat and melted in the same manner as the Solakku-facing side.

This appears impossible at first glance due to the tidally-locked nature of Magnus, however, a particularly large basin surrounded by displaced material found on the northern hemisphere on this side was determined to be the result of a particularly large impact. It is thus hypothesized that this impact imparted enough energy onto Magnus laterally to slightly impact its angular velocity. Tidal forces would have synchronized the planet’s rotation period to its orbital period again within a few hundred years, re-establishing the tidal lock, but would’ve induced a small drift of the the planet’s orientation relative to Solakku by at least 180°, flipping the day and night sides.

The impact would have to have been particularly powerful for this, however. Assuming a drift of exactly 180° caused by a perfect impact angle imparting an impulse directly opposite to Magnus’ angular velocity, the impulse energy would have to exceed {{Val|2.6|e=22|u=J}}. But as only a portion of the impact’s energy is released as a kinetic impulse, the total energy of this impact could be as high as {{Val|5|e=24|u=J}}. This is not theoretically impossible as this could be generated by an impactor with a mass of {{Val|1.5|e=16|u=kg}} traveling at {{Val|23|u=km/s}}. Comets of this mass have been detected, and as Magnus is deep within Solakku’s gravity well, any object in a highly eccentric orbit sharing the planet’s periapse will accelerate to comparable speeds near periapse. There are alternative explanations for Magnus’ shift in orientation, such as chaotic rotation, but the impactor theory has by far the widest support and evidence promoting it.

In any case, the fact that Magnus has flipped at least once in its life makes it near impossible to study its geologic history as any features from earlier points in its existence have been destroyed by intense heat on both sides of the planet. For instance, it is impossible to tell if Magnus ever harbored true volcanic activity, though it is safe to assume it once did, finding evidence of this would require studying its composition deep below the surface (i.e. through sample drilling), which would be both incredibly costly and dangerous and has thus far not been attempted.

== Magnetic field ==

Magnus has a global, though weak magnetic field, the only evidence of liquid layers in its core. At its strongest, it reaches only {{val|57|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) nT]}} and is aligned with the planet’s spin axis. It is assumed that tidal heating from Magnus’ orbit is what keeps a layer of the core hot enough to remain liquid, allowing it to generate a magnetic field through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory dynamo] effect. This magnetic field forms a weak magnetosphere as it partially deflects the solar wind, though a large portion of this radiation still reaches the planet’s surface.

= Observation =

Similarly to [[Infernum]], Magnus can be observed by the naked eye, appearing as a particularly bright star, though not as intensely as Infernum, leading to its name, as its appearance is softer then that of Infernum. It is also easier to observe as its wider orbit takes it further away from Solakku in the sky. It was thus also known to many early cultures all across [[Avalon]].

Telescopic observations showed that Magnus varied in brightness with its position in the sky, leading early astronomers to conclude that it must display phases similarly to [[Solvis]] and all of [[Valaya]]’s moons. Although attempts were made to map its surface through telescopic observation, the intensity of the light reflected by its surface made this difficult, leading to the presence of molten minerals on its surface not being discovered until the first fly-by by a space probe.

Magnus

2026-01-30T13:46:19Z

Tholin: Adjust SMA

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image = File:Screenshot4713.png
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Enhanced color image of Magnus taken by probe fly-by
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.47|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = Tidally locked
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

= Physical characteristics =

Magnus is the innermost and also smallest terrestrial planet of the Solakku system, consisting of approximately 60% metallic and 40% silicate material. It appears to have a crust varying in density between the night and day sides, which is partially molten on the latter side of the planet, sitting atop a solid mantle encasing a core consisting of solid and liquid layers. Exact compositions or sizes of these layers are difficult to determine due to the hostility of Magnus’ surface.

= Surface geology =

== Near side ==

Magnus is tidally locked to Solakku, with the day side receiving an average of 97.7kW/m² of solar flux, heating it to up to 1200K, the point of minerals with lower melting points softening or melting entirely. The molten mineral naturally flows to fill depressions in the terrain, most prominently impact craters, creating a distinctive appearance of liquid mineral filled lakes and oceans, colloquially referred to as "lava oceans". This is technically a misnomer as the liquid stems from melting by solar radiation, rather than volcanic activity, which does occur on Magnus.

Minerals with a higher melting point still soften under the intense heat, making the surface of Magnus relatively smooth on the Solakku-facing side, as any steep terrain features would shrink or collapse under their own weight. This process gradually erases all impact craters as well, with even smaller craters smoothing over in just a few years.

Due to this only partially-solid state of the surface, it begins to behave more like a sponge due to small bubbles and pores forming in the rock. These create capillary forces that may draw in molten mineral to fill the space, meaning that the amount of liquid on Magnus is far greater than what can be seen from space, but also that the ground near the shores of Magnus can take on mud-like characteristics, but with superheated minerals rather than water.

== Far side ==

Magnus’ far side is in perpetual darkness, allowing it to cool and solidify. Larger structures such as mountains can theoretically exist here, but very few examples of such terrain features can be found, with most having been created by impactors, as their craters are not erased by heat on this side. Further surface analysis also showed large basins of solid igneous rock surrounded by cool but porous metamorphic rock, which suggests that the surface on this side was also once subjected to intense heat and melted in the same manner as the Solakku-facing side.

This appears impossible at first glance due to the tidally-locked nature of Magnus, however, a particularly large basin surrounded by displaced material found on the northern hemisphere on this side was determined to be the result of a particularly large impact. It is thus hypothesized that this impact imparted enough energy onto Magnus laterally to slightly impact its angular velocity. Tidal forces would have synchronized the planet’s rotation period to its orbital period again within a few hundred years, re-establishing the tidal lock, but would’ve induced a small drift of the the planet’s orientation relative to Solakku by at least 180°, flipping the day and night sides.

The impact would have to have been particularly powerful for this, however. Assuming a drift of exactly 180° caused by a perfect impact angle imparting an impulse directly opposite to Magnus’ angular velocity, the impulse energy would have to exceed {{Val|2.6|e=22|u=J}}. But as only a portion of the impact’s energy is released as a kinetic impulse, the total energy of this impact could be as high as {{Val|5|e=24|u=J}}. This is not theoretically impossible as this could be generated by an impactor with a mass of {{Val|1.5|e=16|u=kg}} traveling at {{Val|23|u=km/s}}. Comets of this mass have been detected, and as Magnus is deep within Solakku’s gravity well, any object in a highly eccentric orbit sharing the planet’s periapse will accelerate to comparable speeds near periapse. There are alternative explanations for Magnus’ shift in orientation, such as chaotic rotation, but the impactor theory has by far the widest support and evidence promoting it.

In any case, the fact that Magnus has flipped at least once in its life makes it near impossible to study its geologic history as any features from earlier points in its existence have been destroyed by intense heat on both sides of the planet. For instance, it is impossible to tell if Magnus ever harbored true volcanic activity, though it is safe to assume it once did, finding evidence of this would require studying its composition deep below the surface (i.e. through sample drilling), which would be both incredibly costly and dangerous and has thus far not been attempted.

== Magnetic field ==

Magnus has a global, though weak magnetic field, the only evidence of liquid layers in its core. At its strongest, it reaches only {{val|57|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) nT]}} and is aligned with the planet’s spin axis. It is assumed that tidal heating from Magnus’ orbit is what keeps a layer of the core hot enough to remain liquid, allowing it to generate a magnetic field through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory dynamo] effect. This magnetic field forms a weak magnetosphere as it partially deflects the solar wind, though a large portion of this radiation still reaches the planet’s surface.

= Observation =

Similarly to [[Infernum]], Magnus can be observed by the naked eye, appearing as a particularly bright star, though not as intensely as Infernum, leading to its name, as its appearance is softer then that of Infernum. It is also easier to observe as its wider orbit takes it further away from Solakku in the sky. It was thus also known to many early cultures all across [[Avalon]].

Telescopic observations showed that Magnus varied in brightness with its position in the sky, leading early astronomers to conclude that it must display phases similarly to [[Solvis]] and all of [[Valaya]]’s moons. Although attempts were made to map its surface through telescopic observation, its high albedo made this difficult, leading to the presence of molten minerals on its surface not being discovered until the first fly-by by a space probe.

Magnus

2026-01-30T13:15:18Z

Tholin: Section on observation

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image = File:Screenshot4713.png
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Enhanced color image of Magnus taken by probe fly-by
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = Tidally locked
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

= Physical characteristics =

Magnus is the innermost and also smallest terrestrial planet of the Solakku system, consisting of approximately 60% metallic and 40% silicate material. It appears to have a crust varying in density between the night and day sides, which is partially molten on the latter side of the planet, sitting atop a solid mantle encasing a core consisting of solid and liquid layers. Exact compositions or sizes of these layers are difficult to determine due to the hostility of Magnus’ surface.

= Surface geology =

== Near side ==

Magnus is tidally locked to Solakku, with the day side receiving an average of 61.4kW/m² of solar flux, heating it to up to 1200K, the point of minerals with lower melting points softening or melting entirely. The molten mineral naturally flows to fill depressions in the terrain, most prominently impact craters, creating a distinctive appearance of liquid mineral filled lakes and oceans, colloquially referred to as "lava oceans". This is technically a misnomer as the liquid stems from melting by solar radiation, rather than volcanic activity, which does occur on Magnus.

Minerals with a higher melting point still soften under the intense heat, making the surface of Magnus relatively smooth on the Solakku-facing side, as any steep terrain features would shrink or collapse under their own weight. This process gradually erases all impact craters as well, with even smaller craters smoothing over in just a few years.

Due to this only partially-solid state of the surface, it begins to behave more like a sponge due to small bubbles and pores forming in the rock. These create capillary forces that may draw in molten mineral to fill the space, meaning that the amount of liquid on Magnus is far greater than what can be seen from space, but also that the ground near the shores of Magnus can take on mud-like characteristics, but with superheated minerals rather than water.

== Far side ==

Magnus’ far side is in perpetual darkness, allowing it to cool and solidify. Larger structures such as mountains can theoretically exist here, but very few examples of such terrain features can be found, with most having been created by impactors, as their craters are not erased by heat on this side. Further surface analysis also showed large basins of solid igneous rock surrounded by cool but porous metamorphic rock, which suggests that the surface on this side was also once subjected to intense heat and melted in the same manner as the Solakku-facing side.

This appears impossible at first glance due to the tidally-locked nature of Magnus, however, a particularly large basin surrounded by displaced material found on the northern hemisphere on this side was determined to be the result of a particularly large impact. It is thus hypothesized that this impact imparted enough energy onto Magnus laterally to slightly impact its angular velocity. Tidal forces would have synchronized the planet’s rotation period to its orbital period again within a few hundred years, re-establishing the tidal lock, but would’ve induced a small drift of the the planet’s orientation relative to Solakku by at least 180°, flipping the day and night sides.

The impact would have to have been particularly powerful for this, however. Assuming a drift of exactly 180° caused by a perfect impact angle imparting an impulse directly opposite to Magnus’ angular velocity, the impulse energy would have to exceed {{Val|2.6|e=22|u=J}}. But as only a portion of the impact’s energy is released as a kinetic impulse, the total energy of this impact could be as high as {{Val|5|e=24|u=J}}. This is not theoretically impossible as this could be generated by an impactor with a mass of {{Val|1.5|e=16|u=kg}} traveling at {{Val|23|u=km/s}}. Comets of this mass have been detected, and as Magnus is deep within Solakku’s gravity well, any object in a highly eccentric orbit sharing the planet’s periapse will accelerate to comparable speeds near periapse. There are alternative explanations for Magnus’ shift in orientation, such as chaotic rotation, but the impactor theory has by far the widest support and evidence promoting it.

In any case, the fact that Magnus has flipped at least once in its life makes it near impossible to study its geologic history as any features from earlier points in its existence have been destroyed by intense heat on both sides of the planet. For instance, it is impossible to tell if Magnus ever harbored true volcanic activity, though it is safe to assume it once did, finding evidence of this would require studying its composition deep below the surface (i.e. through sample drilling), which would be both incredibly costly and dangerous and has thus far not been attempted.

== Magnetic field ==

Magnus has a global, though weak magnetic field, the only evidence of liquid layers in its core. At its strongest, it reaches only {{val|57|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) nT]}} and is aligned with the planet’s spin axis. It is assumed that tidal heating from Magnus’ orbit is what keeps a layer of the core hot enough to remain liquid, allowing it to generate a magnetic field through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory dynamo] effect. This magnetic field forms a weak magnetosphere as it partially deflects the solar wind, though a large portion of this radiation still reaches the planet’s surface.

= Observation =

Similarly to [[Infernum]], Magnus can be observed by the naked eye, appearing as a particularly bright star, though not as intensely as Infernum, leading to its name, as its appearance is softer then that of Infernum. It is also easier to observe as its wider orbit takes it further away from Solakku in the sky. It was thus also known to many early cultures all across [[Avalon]].

Telescopic observations showed that Magnus varied in brightness with its position in the sky, leading early astronomers to conclude that it must display phases similarly to [[Solvis]] and all of [[Valaya]]’s moons. Although attempts were made to map its surface through telescopic observation, its high albedo made this difficult, leading to the presence of molten minerals on its surface not being discovered until the first fly-by by a space probe.

Magnus

2026-01-30T12:47:42Z

Tholin: Section on the magnetic field

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image = File:Screenshot4713.png
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Enhanced color image of Magnus taken by probe fly-by
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = Tidally locked
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

= Physical characteristics =

Magnus is the innermost and also smallest terrestrial planet of the Solakku system, consisting of approximately 60% metallic and 40% silicate material. It appears to have a crust varying in density between the night and day sides, which is partially molten on the latter side of the planet, sitting atop a solid mantle encasing a core consisting of solid and liquid layers. Exact compositions or sizes of these layers are difficult to determine due to the hostility of Magnus’ surface.

= Surface geology =

== Near side ==

Magnus is tidally locked to Solakku, with the day side receiving an average of 61.4kW/m² of solar flux, heating it to up to 1200K, the point of minerals with lower melting points softening or melting entirely. The molten mineral naturally flows to fill depressions in the terrain, most prominently impact craters, creating a distinctive appearance of liquid mineral filled lakes and oceans, colloquially referred to as "lava oceans". This is technically a misnomer as the liquid stems from melting by solar radiation, rather than volcanic activity, which does occur on Magnus.

Minerals with a higher melting point still soften under the intense heat, making the surface of Magnus relatively smooth on the Solakku-facing side, as any steep terrain features would shrink or collapse under their own weight. This process gradually erases all impact craters as well, with even smaller craters smoothing over in just a few years.

Due to this only partially-solid state of the surface, it begins to behave more like a sponge due to small bubbles and pores forming in the rock. These create capillary forces that may draw in molten mineral to fill the space, meaning that the amount of liquid on Magnus is far greater than what can be seen from space, but also that the ground near the shores of Magnus can take on mud-like characteristics, but with superheated minerals rather than water.

== Far side ==

Magnus’ far side is in perpetual darkness, allowing it to cool and solidify. Larger structures such as mountains can theoretically exist here, but very few examples of such terrain features can be found, with most having been created by impactors, as their craters are not erased by heat on this side. Further surface analysis also showed large basins of solid igneous rock surrounded by cool but porous metamorphic rock, which suggests that the surface on this side was also once subjected to intense heat and melted in the same manner as the Solakku-facing side.

This appears impossible at first glance due to the tidally-locked nature of Magnus, however, a particularly large basin surrounded by displaced material found on the northern hemisphere on this side was determined to be the result of a particularly large impact. It is thus hypothesized that this impact imparted enough energy onto Magnus laterally to slightly impact its angular velocity. Tidal forces would have synchronized the planet’s rotation period to its orbital period again within a few hundred years, re-establishing the tidal lock, but would’ve induced a small drift of the the planet’s orientation relative to Solakku by at least 180°, flipping the day and night sides.

The impact would have to have been particularly powerful for this, however. Assuming a drift of exactly 180° caused by a perfect impact angle imparting an impulse directly opposite to Magnus’ angular velocity, the impulse energy would have to exceed {{Val|2.6|e=22|u=J}}. But as only a portion of the impact’s energy is released as a kinetic impulse, the total energy of this impact could be as high as {{Val|5|e=24|u=J}}. This is not theoretically impossible as this could be generated by an impactor with a mass of {{Val|1.5|e=16|u=kg}} traveling at {{Val|23|u=km/s}}. Comets of this mass have been detected, and as Magnus is deep within Solakku’s gravity well, any object in a highly eccentric orbit sharing the planet’s periapse will accelerate to comparable speeds near periapse. There are alternative explanations for Magnus’ shift in orientation, such as chaotic rotation, but the impactor theory has by far the widest support and evidence promoting it.

In any case, the fact that Magnus has flipped at least once in its life makes it near impossible to study its geologic history as any features from earlier points in its existence have been destroyed by intense heat on both sides of the planet. For instance, it is impossible to tell if Magnus ever harbored true volcanic activity, though it is safe to assume it once did, finding evidence of this would require studying its composition deep below the surface (i.e. through sample drilling), which would be both incredibly costly and dangerous and has thus far not been attempted.

== Magnetic field ==

Magnus has a global, though weak magnetic field, the only evidence of liquid layers in its core. At its strongest, it reaches only {{val|57|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) nT]}} and is aligned with the planet’s spin axis. It is assumed that tidal heating from Magnus’ orbit is what keeps a layer of the core hot enough to remain liquid, allowing it to generate a magnetic field through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory dynamo] effect. This magnetic field forms a weak magnetosphere as it partially deflects the solar wind, though a large portion of this radiation still reaches the planet’s surface.

= Observation =

Magnus

2026-01-30T12:30:39Z

Tholin: Section on geology

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image = File:Screenshot4713.png
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Enhanced color image of Magnus taken by probe fly-by
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = Tidally locked
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

= Physical characteristics =

Magnus is the innermost and also smallest terrestrial planet of the Solakku system, consisting of approximately 60% metallic and 40% silicate material. It appears to have a crust varying in density between the night and day sides, which is partially molten on the latter side of the planet, sitting atop a solid mantle encasing a core consisting of solid and liquid layers. Exact compositions or sizes of these layers are difficult to determine due to the hostility of Magnus’ surface.

= Surface geology =

== Near side ==

Magnus is tidally locked to Solakku, with the day side receiving an average of 61.4kW/m² of solar flux, heating it to up to 1200K, the point of minerals with lower melting points softening or melting entirely. The molten mineral naturally flows to fill depressions in the terrain, most prominently impact craters, creating a distinctive appearance of liquid mineral filled lakes and oceans, colloquially referred to as "lava oceans". This is technically a misnomer as the liquid stems from melting by solar radiation, rather than volcanic activity, which does occur on Magnus.

Minerals with a higher melting point still soften under the intense heat, making the surface of Magnus relatively smooth on the Solakku-facing side, as any steep terrain features would shrink or collapse under their own weight. This process gradually erases all impact craters as well, with even smaller craters smoothing over in just a few years.

Due to this only partially-solid state of the surface, it begins to behave more like a sponge due to small bubbles and pores forming in the rock. These create capillary forces that may draw in molten mineral to fill the space, meaning that the amount of liquid on Magnus is far greater than what can be seen from space, but also that the ground near the shores of Magnus can take on mud-like characteristics, but with superheated minerals rather than water.

== Far side ==

Magnus’ far side is in perpetual darkness, allowing it to cool and solidify. Larger structures such as mountains can theoretically exist here, but very few examples of such terrain features can be found, with most having been created by impactors, as their craters are not erased by heat on this side. Further surface analysis also showed large basins of solid igneous rock surrounded by cool but porous metamorphic rock, which suggests that the surface on this side was also once subjected to intense heat and melted in the same manner as the Solakku-facing side.

This appears impossible at first glance due to the tidally-locked nature of Magnus, however, a particularly large basin surrounded by displaced material found on the northern hemisphere on this side was determined to be the result of a particularly large impact. It is thus hypothesized that this impact imparted enough energy onto Magnus laterally to slightly impact its angular velocity. Tidal forces would have synchronized the planet’s rotation period to its orbital period again within a few hundred years, re-establishing the tidal lock, but would’ve induced a small drift of the the planet’s orientation relative to Solakku by at least 180°, flipping the day and night sides.

The impact would have to have been particularly powerful for this, however. Assuming a drift of exactly 180° caused by a perfect impact angle imparting an impulse directly opposite to Magnus’ angular velocity, the impulse energy would have to exceed {{Val|2.6|e=22|u=J}}. But as only a portion of the impact’s energy is released as a kinetic impulse, the total energy of this impact could be as high as {{Val|5|e=24|u=J}}. This is not theoretically impossible as this could be generated by an impactor with a mass of {{Val|1.5|e=16|u=kg}} traveling at {{Val|23|u=km/s}}. Comets of this mass have been detected, and as Magnus is deep within Solakku’s gravity well, any object in a highly eccentric orbit sharing the planet’s periapse will accelerate to comparable speeds near periapse. There are alternative explanations for Magnus’ shift in orientation, such as chaotic rotation, but the impactor theory has by far the widest support and evidence promoting it.

In any case, the fact that Magnus has flipped at least once in its life makes it near impossible to study its geologic history as any features from earlier points in its existence have been destroyed by intense heat on both sides of the planet. For instance, it is impossible to tell if Magnus ever harbored true volcanic activity, though it is safe to assume it once did, finding evidence of this would require studying its composition deep below the surface (i.e. through sample drilling), which would be both incredibly costly and dangerous and has thus far not been attempted.

= Observation =

Magnus

2025-11-14T15:17:33Z

Tholin:

Magnus

2025-10-21T11:34:50Z

Tholin:

File:Screenshot4713.png

2025-10-21T11:32:54Z

Tholin:

Render of the planet Magnus

Infernum

2025-10-21T11:10:45Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* {{val|90|u=%}} hydrogen
* {{val|9.4|u=%}} helium
* {{val|0.5|u=%}} iron
* {{val|0.06|u=%}} carbon monoxide
* {{val|0.04|u=%}} titanium monoxide
}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 90% Hydrogen, with almost 10% Helium, with the remainder being traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take many times longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum’s surface is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, the whole planet is obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku on the day side, making it incredibly bright and obscuring details. It is possible to observe the night side of Infernum using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow cast by Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum all across Avalon, including its far side, using thick material like pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with. It is said that once its nurturing period is over, it will have grown into another star similar to Solakku.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, coordinated observations taken from different locations on Avalon allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in confirming the scale of the Valaya moon system.

Infernum

2025-10-21T11:08:24Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* {{val|90|u=%}} hydrogen
* {{val|9.4|u=%}} helium
* {{val|0.5|u=%}} iron
* {{val|0.06|u=%}} carbon monoxide
* {{val|0.04|u=%}} titanium monoxide
}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 90% Hydrogen, with almost 10% Helium, with the remainder being traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum’s surface is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, the whole planet is obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku on the day side, making it incredibly bright and obscuring details. It is possible to observe the night side of Infernum using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow cast by Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum all across Avalon, including its far side, using thick material like pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with. It is said that once its nurturing period is over, it will have grown into another star similar to Solakku.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, coordinated observations taken from different locations on Avalon allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in confirming the scale of the Valaya moon system.

Magnus

2025-09-19T09:09:17Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = 73.28 hours
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

Magnus

2025-09-19T08:57:58Z

Tholin: Created page with "{{unofficial}} {{Infobox planet | extrasolarplanet = no | name = Magnus | image = | note = aa | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | apsis = astron | alt_names =  | periastron = | apoastron = | semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}} | eccentricity = 0 | period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}} | avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}} | inclination = 0.0037° | angular_dist = | long_periastron = <!--(Longit..."

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Magnus
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.5927712|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|120.3|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|53.61|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 0.0037°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 0.49 {{earth radius|link = no}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 0.075 {{earth mass|link = no}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|4.356|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.108
| sidereal_day = 73.28 hours
}}

Magnus (natively '''Tivaleh''', lit. "soft glow") is the first and smallest rocky planet of [[Solakku]] and holds onto no atmosphere. Its surface features relatively few craters as it is very geologically active, which has the effect of constantly smoothing over the surface. The exception to this are the few large impact craters that have managed to flood with molten rock and are a prominent visual feature of Magnus.

Magnus possesses no moons, most likely due to its hill sphere being too small to capture any other bodies.

Template:Infobox planet

2025-09-19T08:52:08Z

Tholin:

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Government of the Illuminate Republic

2025-09-05T14:30:01Z

Tholin: Wording fixes

{{Unofficial}}

{{DiscordLink|https://discord.com/channels/1300333648519888926/1326470053566353458}}
[[File:Flag of the Illuminate Republic.png|thumb|Official flag of the Illuminate Republic]]
The [[Illuminate Republic]] was a democratic and federal parliamentary republic. This was the final form of the Illuminate government before its formal dissolution. The term Illuminate now refers to the [[Solakkian Union]]. Following the Illuminate Republic is the [[Avalon Alliance]].

The type of government system of the Illuminate Republic continues to be used in many avali nations as most new governments post-expansion used it as a common template. The Avalon Alliance also still uses the exact same form of government, with all but one of the same popular unions present in its parliament.

= Constitution =
The "New Constitution of the Illuminate" was the constitution of the Illuminate Republic. Signed in the year 309 and replacing its previous monarchical leadership, it transitioned the Illuminate into a complete democratic republic, with all parts of the governments now beholden to democratic elections. Although much of its basic law was copied from the previous government, it contained several new clauses ensuring important individual rights such as the right to free (political) expression or the unviolability of one’s personality and right to not be discriminated based on such.

"All avali have the right to an existence of their own. Each individual’s rights to their own world views, freedom, personality and pride are to be protected by all institutional power. Each individual has the right to fulfill themselves and express and let flourish their personality so long as this does not interfere with the rights of others. It is the state’s purpose to support an individual in these goals to the best of its ability." - Article 3

Heavy focus is also put on the well-being of individuals, securing social welfare as a fundamental, unconditional right for the first time in avali history. Post-expansion these laws were further expanded, amending terms such as the "Unconditional Equity" clause, which guaranteed equal access to necessities and materials for personal fulfillment, regardless of work status.

"No avali shall go hungry, or without medication, or work, or proper time and finances to express themselves freely." - Article 15

It also officially separates federal and regional government and acknowledging the right of tribes to govern themselves, ending the political repression of the previous decades. The constitution would be updated further over the existence of the Illuminate Republic, as it was designed to be adjusted to future political challenges. Infact, it would be amended or changed over 200 times, with the last amendment codifying its own dissolution, and the formation of the Avalon Alliance.
[[File:Ill republic govt.png|none|frame|The political system of the Illuminate Republic {{legend|#97D077|Election or Motion of No Confidence}} {{legend|#EA6B66|Veto}} {{legend|#7EA6E0|Confirms}} {{legend|#000000|Member Of}} {{legend|#FFF2CC|Legislative}} {{legend|#DAE8FC|Executive}} {{legend|#E1D5E7|Judicial}}]]

= Executive =

== Agencies ==
Agencies make up the executive power of the Illuminate Republic and its leaders are appointed by parliament members through vote, most often, but no always, this means they are determined by the primary. Once appointed, these leaders operate independently from parliament, carrying out their duties as instructed by the constitution or federal law. Outside of new elections, agency leaders may only be removed from office for poor conduct or neglect of duties. As is usual within all areas of the government, entire packs may be asked to head an agency, though they are usually asked to select a single individual as the named leader.

Although new agencies may be created and old ones dismissed, some are constitutionally mandated. Examples of mandated agencies include the Federal Finance Agency, the Agency for Justice and the Agricultural Agency. The last agency to be added to the constitution itself was the Agency for Foreign Affairs at the end of The Expansion. A popular example for an agency created through simple law is the Extraction and Manufacturing Division/Agency (EMD / EMA), but others include the Bureau for Industrial Accident Investigation or the Federal Maritime Authority.

= Legislature =
Legislative power is mostly granted to Parliament directly, though certain rights are given to the Advisory Council as well. The parliament is directly elected by the people, while the Council consist of members selected from individual Regional Councils, representing the regions and their interests. The name of he Advisory Council is a holdover from previous iterations of the Illuminate government, where it merely acted in such an advisory role. In the Illuminate Republic, however, it holds limited legislative power, such as vetoing proposed federal legislation which conflicts with established regional law.

== Parliament ==
Parliament is elected on a 5-season term via mixed-member proportional representation and approval voting and consists of 432 or more members. Only tribes, unions or independent candidates which are already registered for election in their Regional Council and have received 5% of votes during any regional election may attempt to register themselves for federal election.

Voters are presented with two lists. One asks which tribes or unions the voter would approve of being in parliament, the result of which provides the initial distribution of seats in parliament according to the vote percentages. The other lists specific candidates, individuals or packs, from the electoral district the voter is registered in. Only a single winning candidate is selected by highest vote count and gets to move into parliament. If the candidate belongs to a tribe or union on the prior list, they will go to take up one of the seats won by this tribe or union. If not enough such seats are available, additional seats will be granted for these candidates to take up, potentially growing parliament past its standard 432 seats.

Candidates may also be independents, in which case they are assigned their own seats, added on top of the ones determined by the election thus far. Vote counts themselves are also important, as the amount of votes a tribe or union has received determines which level of government support (i.e. financial funding) it receives over the next 5 seasons.

Of note is that seats may be assigned not just to individuals, but packs. If a seat is assigned to a pack, it is not at all unusual to see this seat physically occupied by a different pack member at different times. Despite this, the current occupant is always expected to act in accordance with their pack, and may be penalized if found to be defying this obligation.

Once the election has concluded, tribes and unions within parliament may form coalitions. Traditionally, an attempt is made to form a coalition with a majority vote share, called the primary coalition. Only rarely does this fail, leading to a minority government, where no single coalition holds a majority of seats. Otherwise, parliament members outside the primary form the opposition.

The opposition acts a controlling force within government, mostly using their powers to form and lead investigations into the operations of the governments. If legislation is ever challenged in court, it is usually the opposition leading this charge. The opposition members also communicate more directly and more often with the public, keeping them informed about the behaviors of the primary.

A government body of chiefs and moderators is then elected, which are tasked with overseeing government operations in a politically neutral manner, such as moderating debates within parliament. Critically, it is the opposition that has the most influence over this body. Traditionally, it is the tribes and unions that are outside the largest coalition (primary or otherwise) which get to directly choose the chief moderator.

While the primary is responsible for proposing new legislation, all parliament members may have influence on its debate, formulation and, finally, approval. All parliament members vote independently on the passing of a bill, usually according to the views of their coalition or tribesmates. Once a vote passes, the new legislation is implemented after a set period, after another period where it may be challenged, either by the courts or the public through referendums. The Advisory Council may also block the implementation of legislation if it conflicts with regional law or would interfere heavily with regional operations, until such a time that this dispute is settled.

= Judiciary =
Courts follow civil law and are structured into three different types. First are regional courts that deal with most criminal and civil cases, and in the case of officially appointed judges, have the power to rule on local legislation. There are then specialized courts for problems related to specific areas of the law, i.e. labor law. The aptly named Highest Court deals directly with constitutional matters, dealing with cases where constitutional law may have been violated by government bodies.

= Administrative Divisions =
The Illuminate Republic was originally divided into a multitude of regional governances and then further split up into the jurisdiction of individual tribes. Regional governance follows a scaled-down version of the federal government, with a parliament-like Regional Council and its own official courts and agencies. Tribes are typically tasked with enforcing regional law and have limited ability to set rules of their own within their territory. Notable regions include the territories of Southern Keji or Coastal Savov. By law, every tribe and coalition must belong to one regional governance.

The beginning of interstellar colonization complicated this division. It took until close to the end of the expansion for larger colonies to be granted their own status as a regional governance, but the distance and slow communication with Avalon made operating these governments difficult. As a result, interstellar governances were readily given additional power beyond what was required or allowed by the constitution, a contributing factor to the dissolution of the Illuminate Republic.

= Tribes and Unions =
[[File:Election 492.svg|thumb|Example of an election result from the 10th Season 492 {{legend|#FF1A1A|DCA: 183 seats}} {{legend|#00D6EF|Progress: 78 seats}} {{legend|#CB3ACB|TPC: 55 seats}} {{legend|#FFEE00|Tribe Hathol: 33 seats}} {{legend|#FFFFFF|SOUTH: 31 seats}} {{legend|#69FB2B|FOF: 21 seats}} {{legend|#004F9E|Colonial Tribes: 16 seats}} {{legend|#8E8E8E|Others: 27 seats}} {{legend|#7CE69C|Independents: 11 seats}} |329x329px]]
Although any tribe can put itself up for regional election and many of both tribes and tribe unions have appeared on the federal ballots or even in parliament, there are a few which have existed for a majority of the Republic’s lifespan or have had major historic impact. The most notable are:

* Democratic Coalition Avalon (DCA) was one of the original unions present in the first parliament and strongly represented the new Illuminate’s democratic values, vowing to uphold them at all cost. They eventually became very pro-technology as a way to increase economic and societal growth of the republic, being a main driving force behind the expansion.
* Southern Tribes of Keji (SOUTH) began as just the tribe of Keji, but slowly grew to encompass almost the entire southern regions of Avalon. They were generally accepted as the only union properly representing the unique cultural demands of tribes in these geographical regions.
* The Purple Coalition (TPC) are self-described environmentalists, heavily resisting the industrial revolution in favor of a return to "natural life". Despite being generally regarded as very eccentric in character and plagued with anti-establishment sentiments, they have nontheless been responsible for much of environmental protection law which persists to this day.
* Feathers of Freedom (FOF) were the largest opposition group for a long time following the formation of the republic, with their stated goal of "keeping the government in check", they were in reality strongly against all government as a whole, wishing to restore total authority to the tribes with no federal government to speak of. Their views softened over time, though they still work to restore absolute power to the tribes.
* Tribe Rosev of Ralu was the first entirely off-world tribe to ever appear on a federal ballot. Despite never gaining more than two seats in parliament, their formation is a historically important landmark. They would eventually join one of the coalitions representing the colonies in the Solakku system, to greater success.
* The United Colonies Coalition (UCC) was the largest union ever formed in the republic’s history, encompassing tribes from almost all interstellar colonies at the end of the expansion. They are majorly credited with resolving the expansion’s crisis and formation of the Solakkian Union and continued to be a major power within parliament until the dissolution of the Illuminate Republic. It is the only group with a presence in parliament which did not continue on into the Avalon Alliance, choosing to dissolve itself together with the republic.
* Tribe Hathol is a rather rare instance of a singular tribe gaining major federal power. They heavily support and aim to protect the social policies of the republic, causing them to gain support outside their actual territory, especially during times of crisis. They also heavily collaborated with the UCC and every coalition containing the UCC also always included Tribe Hathol.

Solakkian Union

2025-08-13T21:25:11Z

Tholin:

{{Unofficial}}

{{DiscordLink|https://discord.com/channels/1300333648519888926/1339367972963090503}}
[[File:Flag for Tholin 3maybe.png|thumb|Official flag representing the Solakkian Union. Besides official uses, ships frequenting between two or more nations also often choose to fly under this flag.]]
The Solakkian Union (aka The Conglomerate) is a political Union between all current independent avali governments across interstellar space. There are a total of 27 member states, and the Union is heavily based on keeping the free trade and travel between member states that was previously enforced by the [[Illuminate Republic]]. It is named after [[Solakku]], the central star of the system containing [[Avalon]]. While not its actual name, it is often referred to still as The Illuminate or The Conglomerate.

Citizens of any of its member states are automatically also considered citizens of the Solakkian Union, and as such are allowed free travel between member states. The contract of the Solakkian Union, which all member states have signed, actively requires this free travel right to be upheld, alongside the freedom of trade without restriction or undue taxation. Several international organizations are also directly sponsored by the Solakkian Union, such as the Galactic Health Organization.

Though the Solakkian Union mostly leaves member states to govern themselves, it has legislative, judicial and executive power for enforcing its stated goals, with its main legislative body being the Special Council, which contains representatives of all member states.

== History ==
The Solakkian Union was officially formed in 518, as a reaction of the long-term effects of [[The Expansion]]. After its end around 508, the Illuminate Republic, still governing all avali colonized space in the galaxy, quickly came to realize that governing such a large amount of spacially scattered population was infeasible for their government structure. Although attempts were made to universially raise living standards and increase political representation, a desire for independence in the colonies continued to grow. This also lead to an increasing generational divide that stalled further developments, until, slowly, control of the government passed to the newer generations.

This culminated at the end of the year 516, when the Illuminate passed a bill allowing colonies to separate from the Illuminate Republic under specific circumstances without fear of retaliation or discrimination, either becoming independent, or joining another nearby nation. The restrictions on this were gradually lifted until effectively completely removed by 518, at which point most of the Illuminate’s former colonies had already fractured off. The idea to form a Union of some kind had been put forth as early as 515, as the next step following the aforementioned law. First revisions of the contract of the Solakkian Union were drafted as early as late 515, and it was finally agreed upon and signed by all member states in mid-518.

Simultaneously, the Illuminate Republic chose unanimously to dissolve itself and form a new government, now known as the [[Avalon Alliance]], encompassing only the Solakku, Crest and Amber Light systems. It borrowed the same constitution and government structure as its predecessor, effectively only changing its name in a convoluted way. The reasoning for this being to ensure that no single government will be able to describe itself as ''the'' original Illuminate, and attempt to re-assert claims over its former territories. Though this change has also drawn criticism as an attempt for this new government to rid itself of the rather negative image and turbulent history of the Illuminate.

== Politics ==
The Solakkian Union’s primary legislative body is the Special Council, which contains representatives from all member states, which must be democratically selected. Although the Union’s executive power is limited when it comes to the member states, they have control of trade and travel regulation, and are able to step in when the concepts of free trade or travel are being violated by a member state. Additionally, they oversee that member states follow contract requirements, such as having a democratically elected leadership and enforcing universial avali rights. Any adjustments or amendments to contract terms must pass a supermajority vote within the council, though simple majorities suffice for actions such as managing the international organizations, the primary day-to-day duty of the council.

There exists a formal process for new states to join the Union, though it is rarely used as new nations can only be created by further colonization, which is exceptionally rare post-expansion.

Solakkian Union

2025-08-13T21:23:06Z

Tholin:

{{Unofficial}}

{{DiscordLink|https://discord.com/channels/1300333648519888926/1339367972963090503}}
[[File:Flag for Tholin 3maybe.png|thumb|Official flag representing the Solakkian Union. Besides official uses, ships frequenting between two or more nations also often choose to fly under this flag.]]
The Solakkian Union (aka The Conglomerate) is a political Union between all current independent avali governments across interstellar space. There are a total of 27 member states, and the Union is heavily based on keeping the free trade and travel between member states that was previously enforced by the [[Illuminate Republic]]. It is named after [[Solakku]], the central star of the system containing [[Avalon]]. While not its actual name, it is often referred to still as The Illuminate or The Conglomerate.

Citizens of any of its member states are automatically also considered citizens of the Solakkian Union, and as such are allowed free travel between member states. The contract of the Solakkian Union, which all member states have signed, actively requires this free travel right to be upheld, alongside the freedom of trade without restriction or undue taxation. Several international organizations are also directly sponsored by the Solakkian Union, such as the Galactic Health Organization.

Though the Solakkian Union mostly leaves member states to govern themselves, it has legislative, judicial and executive power for enforcing its stated goals, with its main legislative body being the Special Council, which contains representatives of all member states.

== History ==
The Solakkian Union was officially formed in 518, as a reaction of the long-term effects of [[The Expansion]]. After its end around 508, the Illuminate Republic, still governing all avali colonized space in the galaxy, quickly came to realize that governing such a large amount of spacially scattered population was infeasible for their government structure. Although attempts were made to universially raise living standards and increase political representation, a desire for independence in the colonies continued to grow. This also lead to an increasing generational divide that stalled further developments, until, slowly, control of the government passed to the newer generations.

This culminated at the end of the year 516, when the Illuminate passed a bill allowing colonies to separate from the Illuminate Republic under specific circumstances without fear of retaliation or discrimination, either becoming independent, or joining another nearby nation. The restrictions on this were gradually lifted until effectively completely removed by 518, at which point most of the Illuminate’s former colonies had already fractured off. The idea to form a Union of some kind had been put forth as early as 515, as the next step following the aforementioned law. First revisions of the contract of the Solakkian Union were drafted as early as late 515, and it was finally agreed upon and signed by all member states in mid-518.

Simultaneously, the Illuminate Republic chose unanimously to dissolve itself and form a new government, now known as the [[Avalon Alliance]], encompassing only the Solakku, Crest and Amber Light systems. It borrowed the same constitution and government structure as its predecessor, effectively only changing its name in a convoluted way. The reasoning for this being to ensure that no single government will be able to describe itself as ''the'' original Illuminate, and attempt to re-assert claims over its former territories. Though this change has also drawn criticism as an attempt for this new government to rid itself of the rather negative image and turbulent history of the Illuminate.

== Politics ==
The Solakkian Union’s primary legislative body is the Special Council, which contains representatives from all member states, which must be democratically selected. Although the Union’s executive power is limited when it comes to the member states, they have control of trade and travel regulation, and are able to step in when the concepts of free trade or travel are being violated by a member state. Additionally, they oversee that member states follow contract requirements, such as having a democratically elected leadership and enforcing universial avali rights. Any adjustments or amendments to contract terms must pass a supermajority vote within the council, though simple majorities suffice for actions such as managing the international organizations, the primary duty of the council.

There exists a formal process for new states to join the Union, though it is rarely used as new nations can only be created by further colonization, which is exceptionally rare post-expansion.

Solakkian Union

2025-08-13T21:12:10Z

Tholin:

{{Unofficial}}

{{DiscordLink|https://discord.com/channels/1300333648519888926/1339367972963090503}}
[[File:Flag for Tholin 3maybe.png|thumb|Official flag representing the Solakkian Union]]
The Solakkian Union (aka The Conglomerate) is a political Union between all current independent avali governments across interstellar space. There are a total of 27 member states, and the Union is heavily based on keeping the free trade and travel between member states that was previously enforced by the [[Illuminate Republic]]. It is named after [[Solakku]], the central star of the system containing [[Avalon]]. While not its actual name, it is often referred to still as The Illuminate or The Conglomerate.

Citizens of any of its member states are automatically also considered citizens of the Solakkian Union, and as such are allowed free travel between member states. The contract of the Solakkian Union, which all member states have signed, actively requires this free travel right to be upheld, alongside the freedom of trade without restriction or undue taxation. Several international organizations are also directly sponsored by the Solakkian Union, such as the Galactic Health Organization.

Though the Solakkian Union mostly leaves member states to govern themselves, it has legislative, judicial and executive power for enforcing its stated goals, with its main legislative body being the Special Council, which contains representatives of all member states.

== History ==
The Solakkian Union was officially formed in 518, as a reaction of the long-term effects of [[The Expansion]]. After its end around 508, the Illuminate Republic, still governing all avali colonized space in the galaxy, quickly came to realize that governing such a large amount of spacially scattered population was infeasible for their government structure. Although attempts were made to universially raise living standards and increase political representation, a desire for independence in the colonies continued to grow. This also lead to an increasing generational divide that stalled further developments, until, slowly, control of the government passed to the newer generations.

This culminated at the end of the year 516, when the Illuminate passed a bill allowing colonies to separate from the Illuminate Republic under specific circumstances without fear of retaliation or discrimination, either becoming independent, or joining another nearby nation. The restrictions on this were gradually lifted until effectively completely removed by 518, at which point most of the Illuminate’s former colonies had already fractured off. The idea to form a Union of some kind had been put forth as early as 515, as the next step following the aforementioned law. First revisions of the contract of the Solakkian Union were drafted as early as late 515, and it was finally agreed upon and signed by all member states in mid-518.

Simultaneously, the Illuminate Republic chose unanimously to dissolve itself and form a new government, now known as the [[Avalon Alliance]], encompassing only the Solakku, Crest and Amber Light systems. It borrowed the same constitution and government structure as its predecessor, effectively only changing its name in a convoluted way. The reasoning for this being to ensure that no single government will be able to describe itself as ''the'' original Illuminate, and attempt to re-assert claims over its former territories. Though this change has also drawn criticism as an attempt for this new government to rid itself of the rather negative image and turbulent history of the Illuminate.

== Politics ==
The Solakkian Union’s primary legislative body is the Special Council, which contains representatives from all member states, which must be democratically selected. Although the Union’s executive power is limited when it comes to the member states, they have control of trade and travel regulation, and are able to step in when the concepts of free trade or travel are being violated by a member state. Additionally, they oversee that member states follow contract requirements, such as having a democratically elected leadership and enforcing universial avali rights. Any adjustments or amendments to contract terms must pass a supermajority vote within the council, though simple majorities suffice for actions such as managing the international organizations, the primary duty of the council.

There exists a formal process for new states to join the Union, though it is rarely used as new nations can only be created by further colonization, which is exceptionally rare post-expansion.

File:Flag for Tholin 3maybe.png

2025-08-13T21:11:41Z

Tholin:

Official flag of the Solakkian Union

File:Solakku from space.png

2025-08-12T08:21:14Z

Tholin: Tholin uploaded a new version of File:Solakku from space.png

The star Solakku

Solakku

2025-08-03T13:44:03Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. The first of these is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become starlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears, gaps and thin whisps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Infernum’s orbit is at a high inclination, misaligning most flares with the positions of the other planets, except for two brief time periods in each planet’s orbit, where it passes through Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at any celestial body. Only Magnus and Solvis are the most at risk, due to their proximity to Solakku and relatively frequent passes through the aforementioned plane.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet comets], such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya, and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid or comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-08-03T13:42:55Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. The first of these is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become starlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears, gaps and thin whisps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Infernum’s orbit is at a high inclination, misaligning most flares with the positions of the other planets, except for two brief time periods in each planet’s orbit, where it passes through Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at any celestial body. Only Magnus and Solvis are the most at risk, due to their proximity to Solakku and relatively frequent passes through the aforementioned plane.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet comets], such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-08-03T13:35:18Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. The first of these is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become starlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears, gaps and thin whisps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Infernum’s orbit is at a high inclination, misaligning most flares with the positions of the other planets, except for two brief time periods in each planet’s orbit, where it passes through Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at any celestial body. Only Magnus and Solvis are the most at risk, due to their proximity to Solakku and relatively frequent passes through the aforementioned plane.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-08-03T13:34:07Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. The first of these is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become starlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Infernum’s orbit is at a high inclination, misaligning most flares with the positions of the other planets, except for two brief time periods in each planet’s orbit, where it passes through Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at any celestial body. Only Magnus and Solvis are the most at risk, due to their proximity to Solakku and relatively frequent passes through the aforementioned plane.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Template:Main other

2025-07-27T13:04:26Z

Tholin: Created page with "{{#switch:  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} | main | other }} }} | main = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<noinclude> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Main_other:Convert Source] </noinclude>"

{{#switch:

{{#if:{{{demospace|}}}
| {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} 
| {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}
| main
| other
}}
}}
| main = {{{1|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{2|}}}
}}<noinclude>

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Main_other:Convert Source]

</noinclude>

Module:String

2025-07-27T13:02:39Z

Tholin: Created page with "--[[ Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:String This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options..."

--[[
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:String
This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.

Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters,
unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will
automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter.
Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or
remove such whitespace.

Global options
ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in
an empty string being returned rather than an error message.

error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to
include with the error message. The default category is
[Category:Errors reported by Module String].

no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error
is generated.

Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests.
]]

local str = {}

--[[
len

This function returns the length of the target string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}}

Parameters
s: The string whose length to report

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string.
]]
function str.len( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
return mw.ustring.len( s )
end

--[[
sub

This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}}

Parameters
s: The string to return a subset of
i: The first index of the substring to return, defaults to 1.
j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character.

The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j
is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by
counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as
selecting the last character of the string.

If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is
reported.
]]
function str.sub( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1
local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1

local len = mw.ustring.len( s )

-- Convert negatives for range checking
if i < 0 then
i = len + i + 1
end
if j < 0 then
j = len + j + 1
end

if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then
return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' )
end
if j < i then
return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' )
end

return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j )
end

--[[
This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order
to maintain these older templates.
]]
function str.sublength( frame )
local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0
local len = tonumber( frame.args.len )
return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) )
end

--[[
_match

This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a
specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules

Usage:
strmatch = require("Module:String")._match
sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch )

Parameters
s: The string to search
pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first
character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1.
match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single
string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is
match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned
counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
the last match. Defaults to 1.
plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
text. Defaults to false.
nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
-- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules
function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch )
if s == '' then
return str._error( 'Target string is empty' )
end
if pattern == '' then
return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' )
end
start = tonumber(start) or 1
if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then
return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' )
end
if match_index == 0 then
return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' )
end
if plain_flag then
pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern )
end

local result
if match_index == 1 then
-- Find first match is simple case
result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start )
else
if start > 1 then
s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start )
end

local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern)
if match_index > 0 then
-- Forward search
for w in iterator do
match_index = match_index - 1
if match_index == 0 then
result = w
break
end
end
else
-- Reverse search
local result_table = {}
local count = 1
for w in iterator do
result_table[count] = w
count = count + 1
end

result = result_table[ count + match_index ]
end
end

if result == nil then
if nomatch == nil then
return str._error( 'Match not found' )
else
return nomatch
end
else
return result
end
end

--[[
match

This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a
specified pattern.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index
|match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}}

Parameters
s: The string to search
pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string
start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first
character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1.
match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single
string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is
match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned
counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting
the last match. Defaults to 1.
plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain
text. Defaults to false.
nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then
this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found.
If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and
an empty string will be returned on any failure.

For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see:

* http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns
* http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns

]]
-- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match
function str.match( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} )
local s = new_args['s'] or ''
local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1
local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false )
local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''
local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 )
local nomatch = new_args['nomatch']

return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch )
end

--[[
pos

This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}}

Parameters
target: The string to search
pos: The index for the character to return

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

The first character has an index value of 1.

If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards
from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character.

A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error.
]]
function str.pos( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} )
local target_str = new_args['target'] or ''
local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0

if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then
return str._error( 'String index out of range' )
end

return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos )
end

--[[
str_find

This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks.
This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for
new code and templates. New code is recommended to use the "find" function instead.

Returns the first index in "source" that is a match to "target". Indexing is 1-based,
and the function returns -1 if the "target" string is not present in "source".

Important Note: If the "target" string is empty / missing, this function returns a
value of "1", which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for
separatetly.
]]
function str.str_find( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} )
local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
local target_str = new_args['target'] or ''

if target_str == '' then
return 1
end

local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true )
if start == nil then
start = -1
end

return start
end

--[[
find

This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
source: The string to search
target: The string or pattern to find within source
start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1
plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain
text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true

If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or
trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in
other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace.

This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found
within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this
function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this
function also returns 0.

This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings.
]]
function str.find( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } )
local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
local pattern = new_args['target'] or ''
local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1
local plain = new_args['plain'] or true

if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
return 0
end

plain = str._getBoolean( plain )

local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain )
if start == nil then
start = 0
end

return start
end

--[[
replace

This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another
string.

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string|
count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}}

Parameters
source: The string to search
pattern: The string or pattern to find within source
replace: The replacement text
count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all.
plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain
text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true
]]
function str.replace( frame )
local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } )
local source_str = new_args['source'] or ''
local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or ''
local replace = new_args['replace'] or ''
local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] )
local plain = new_args['plain'] or true

if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then
return source_str
end
plain = str._getBoolean( plain )

if plain then
pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern )
replace = string.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences.
end

local result

if count ~= nil then
result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count )
else
result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace )
end

return result
end

--[[
simple function to pipe string.rep to templates.
]]
function str.rep( frame )
local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] )
if not repetitions then
return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' )
end
return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions )
end

--[[
escapePattern

This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1]
for details on how patterns work.

[1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns

Usage:
{{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}}

Parameters
pattern_string: The pattern string to escape.
]]
function str.escapePattern( frame )
local pattern_str = frame.args[1]
if not pattern_str then
return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' )
end
local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
return result
end

--[[
count
This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another.
]]
function str.count(frame)
local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'})
local source = args.source or ''
local pattern = args.pattern or ''
local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true)
if plain then
pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern)
end
local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '')
return count
end

--[[
endswith
This function determines whether a string ends with another string.
]]
function str.endswith(frame)
local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'})
local source = args.source or ''
local pattern = args.pattern or ''
if pattern == '' then
-- All strings end with the empty string.
return "yes"
end
if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then
return "yes"
else
return ""
end
end

--[[
join

Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}}
]]
function str.join(frame)
local args = {}
local sep
for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do
if sep then
if v ~= '' then
table.insert(args, v)
end
else
sep = v
end
end
return table.concat( args, sep or '' )
end

--[[
Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of
named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not
identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings
we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application.
]]
function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list )
local new_args = {}
local index = 1
local value

for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do
value = frame_args[arg]
if value == nil then
value = frame_args[index]
index = index + 1
end
new_args[arg] = value
end

return new_args
end

--[[
Helper function to handle error messages.
]]
function str._error( error_str )
local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String'
local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false
local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false

if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then
return ''
end

local error_str = 'String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. ''
if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then
error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str
end

return error_str
end

--[[
Helper Function to interpret boolean strings
]]
function str._getBoolean( boolean_str )
local boolean_value

if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
boolean_str = boolean_str:lower()
if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0'
or boolean_str == '' then
boolean_value = false
else
boolean_value = true
end
elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
boolean_value = boolean_str
else
error( 'No boolean value found' )
end
return boolean_value
end

--[[
Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated
as plain text.
]]
function str._escapePattern( pattern_str )
return ( string.gsub( pattern_str, "[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]", "%%%0" ) )
end

return str

Avalon Standard Calendar

2025-07-13T17:07:34Z

Tholin:

{{Unofficial}}

== Structure ==
The Avalon Standard Calendar was the official calendar system of the [[Illuminate Republic]] and now of the [[Avalon Alliance]]. It splits each year (one full orbit around [[Solakku]]), on Avalon into 893 days. This is equal to ~13 Earth-years and ~128 Earth-hours per day. These days are then organized into 20 seasons, of which 13 are 45 days long, and 7 are 44 days long. The first 7 seasons of each year are the short 44-day ones, with the rest being 45 days.

For everyday scheduling, there is also a division into 12 day long cycles, a number roughly based on the conjunction of Avalon and Mov. Every season is about 3.75 cycles long, but seasons and cycles are not forced to be aligned, making the behavior similar to how weeks are not aligned to months in the Gregorian calendar.

Year 0, Day 0 was defined as being the day the rule of law for the first Illuminate nation was signed, even though the calendar was not introduced until centuries after the fact, and made the official calendar of the Republic much later in 309. Years before this day are simply expressed as negative numbers.

Due to Avalon’s movement around Solakku, its Sidereal period is ever so slightly longer than its true rotation period, leading to a continuous buildup of error in time measurement, which eventually needs to be corrected by removing a day in the year. These leap years occur on every 180 years and remove the 45th day of the 8th season, making that year begin with 8 44-day seasons rather than 7. Theoretically, an additional day needs to be skipped every 2,592 years, which has yet to occur once, but has been scheduled to appear as an out-of-order, additional leap year in 2,593.

Written dates are formatted as <code>[day of season], [season] [year]</code> in the most compact form, for example: 23rd, 5th 505. But another commonly used format is <code>[day of cycle].[cycle of season], [season] [year]</code>, for example: 10.2 3rd 497.

== History ==
The Avalon Standard Calendar was originally derived as the Astronomer's Calendar, which was based on the perceived movements of the stars throughout the year with the primary purpose of tracking and planning astronomical observations. The exact year when the first version of this calendar was drafted is unknown as the original calendar did not count years, but was likely around the year 240 after the formation of the Illuminate.

To create this calendar, an existing ancient calendar, based on the movement of [[Crest]] throughout the year, was modified. As Crest slightly moves along its own orbit over each year, calendars based on its movement are not perfectly aligned to Valaya's orbital period and drift over time. The Astronomer's Calendar intended to correct for this.

Though originally only popular within Astronomy circles, this new calendar began gaining mainstream appeal due to its simplicity compared to moon calendars and perceived superiority as being based in scientific observation. Its first use in an official capacity by the Illuminate was recorded in the year 244 and it became a de-facto standard over the following years. It was not until the year 309 when it became the official standard calendar of the Illuminate Republic, though by this point its use was already widespread.

== Modern use ==
As this calendar is based around the orbits of specifically Avalon and [[Valaya]], it is of little use for nations existing on other planets or moons, which have tended over time to develop their own calendars. The Avalon Standard Calendar is still used within all territories of the Avalon Alliance, and some other nations, however. It is also to be used in all standard communication within the [[Solakkian Union]], and all official recordkeeping and by historians.

Spacecraft, space stations and other habitats which need to establish an artificial day/night cycle also tend to simulate Avalon’s day length, and as such use the Avalon Standard Calendar.

Avalon Standard Calendar

2025-07-13T16:20:26Z

Tholin: Add section on history

{{Unofficial}}

== Structure ==
The Avalon Standard Calendar was the official calendar system of the [[Illuminate Republic]] and now of the [[Avalon Alliance]]. It splits each year (one full orbit around [[Solakku]]), on Avalon into 895 days. This is equal to ~13 Earth-years and ~128 Earth-hours per day. These days are then organized into 20 seasons, of which 15 are 45 days long, and 5 are 44 days long. It is every third month which is only 44 days long, with the first instance of this being the third month of the year.

For everyday scheduling, there is also a division into 12 day long cycles, a number roughly based on the conjunction of Avalon and Mov. Every seasons is about 3.75 cycles long, but seasons and cycles are not forced to be aligned, making the behavior similar to how weeks are not aligned to months in the Gregorian calendar.

Year 0, Day 0 was defined as being the day the rule of law for the first Illuminate nation was signed, even though the calendar was not introduced until centuries after the fact, and made the official calendar of the Republic much later in 309. Years before this day are simply expressed as negative numbers.

Due to Avalon’s movement around Solakku, its Sidereal period is ever so slightly shorter than its true rotation period, leading to a continuous buildup of error in time measurement, which eventually needs to be corrected by inserting an additional day in the year. These leap years occur on every even-numbered year and turn the first 44-day long season of that year into a 45-day long season.

Written dates are formatted as <code>[day of season], [season] [year]</code> in the most compact form, for example: 23rd, 5th 505. But another commonly used format is <code>[day of cycle].[cycle of season], [season] [year]</code>, for example: 10.2 3rd 497.

== History ==
The Avalon Standard Calendar was originally derived as the Astronomer's Calendar, which was based on the perceived movements of the stars throughout the year with the primary purpose of tracking and planning astronomical observations. The exact year when the first version of this calendar was drafted is unknown as the original calendar did not count years, but was likely around the year 240 after the formation of the Illuminate.

To create this calendar, an existing ancient calendar, based on the movement of [[Crest]] throughout the year, was modified. As Crest slightly moves along its own orbit over each year, calendars based on its movement are not perfectly aligned to Valaya's orbital period and drift over time. The Astronomer's Calendar intended to correct for this.

Though originally only popular within Astronomy circles, this new calendar began gaining mainstream appeal due to its simplicity compared to moon calendars and perceived superiority as being based in scientific observation. Its first use in an official capacity by the Illuminate was recorded in the year 244 and it became a de-facto standard over the following years. It was not until the year 309 when it became the official standard calendar of the Illuminate Republic, though by this point its use was already widespread.

== Modern use ==
As this calendar is based around the orbits of specifically Avalon and [[Valaya]], it is of little use for nations existing on other planets or moons, which have tended over time to develop their own calendars. The Avalon Standard Calendar is still used within all territories of the Avalon Alliance, and some other nations, however. It is also to be used in all standard communication within the [[Solakkian Union]], and all official recordkeeping and by historians.

Spacecraft, space stations and other habitats which need to establish an artificial day/night cycle also tend to simulate Avalon’s day length, and as such use the Avalon Standard Calendar.

Infernum

2025-06-17T10:24:40Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* {{val|90|u=%}} hydrogen
* {{val|9.4|u=%}} helium
* {{val|0.5|u=%}} iron
* {{val|0.06|u=%}} carbon monoxide
* {{val|0.04|u=%}} titanium monoxide
}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 90% Hydrogen, with almost 10% Helium, with the remainder being traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Infernum

2025-06-17T10:23:47Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* {{val|90|u=%}} hydrogen
* {{val|9.4|u=%}} helium
* {{val|0.5|u=%}} iron
* {{val|0.06|u=%}} carbon monoxide
* {{val|0.04|u=%}} titanium monoxide
}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 90% Hydrogen, with almost 10% Helium, with the remainder being traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid oblate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Infernum

2025-06-16T14:17:00Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
| atmosphere_composition = {{plainlist|
* {{val|90|u=%}} hydrogen
* {{val|9.4|u=%}} helium
* {{val|0.5|u=%}} iron
* {{val|0.06|u=%}} carbon monoxide
* {{val|0.04|u=%}} titanium monoxide
}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 90% Hydrogen, with almost 10% Helium, with the remainder being traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Template:Infobox planet

2025-06-16T14:06:41Z

Tholin:

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| data89 = {{{right_asc_north_pole|}}}
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| data90 = {{{declination|}}}
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| label93 = {{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}} |{{longitem|[[Geometric albedo]]}} |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Albedo]}}
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| data100 = {{#if:{{{temp_name1|}}}{{{temp_name2|}}}{{{temp_name3|}}}{{{temp_name4|}}}|
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| label101 = Surface [[absorbed dose]] [[Dose rate|rate]]
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Infernum

2025-06-16T14:02:55Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 96% Hydrogen, with almost 4% Helium and traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbable that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them past a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closer than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25 million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation. Notably, Infernum possesses an axial tilt which is only misaligned from its orbital plane by 12.1 degrees, which is counterintuitive to its probable origin as a planet in roughly the same plane as the others. This implies either its axis shifted over time after gaining its inclination, or the event which pushed it towards its current orbit was an impact, rather than gravitational influence of a passing object.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz and even as high as 50 MHz or more. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Infernum

2025-06-16T13:50:18Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

It is the largest planet in the Solakku system and one of the brightest. Observations of it have historically contributed significantly to avali understanding of several concepts in astronomy and astrophysics. Like other planets which may be observed by the naked eye, Infernum has contributed significantly to avali folklore.

No moons orbit Infernum, as its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere hill sphere] is too small to fit any other celestial body.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 96% Hydrogen, with almost 4% Helium and traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbably that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them pass a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closed than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

This orbit is continuously decaying due to tidal forces removing energy from Infernum’s velocity. It is assumed that Infernum originally circularized on a much higher orbit, but has been spiraling inwards for millions of years. As the effects of tidal friction become more pronounced the deeper the planet falls into Solakku’s gravity well, this decay is accelerating and will eventually bring the planet within the roche limit, at which point its hydrogen and helium composition will be rapidly pulled apart. The rocky core at its center might survive for some time longer, but will also eventually be destroyed, with all of Infernum’s mass adding to that of Solakku. This process is estimated to begin in anywhere from 5 to 25  million years.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku, and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Template:Infobox planet

2025-06-16T13:41:59Z

Tholin:

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| label24 = [[Observation arc]]
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Infernum

2025-06-16T13:41:26Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| avg_speed = 
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| avg_speed = {{val|264.63|u=km/s}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity = {{val|86.62|u=km/s}}
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
| axial_tilt = 12.1° (to orbit)
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 96% Hydrogen, with almost 4% Helium and traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbably that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them pass a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closed than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku, and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Template:Infobox planet

2025-06-16T13:40:07Z

Tholin:

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| label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=[[Apsis|Apo{{{apsis}}}]] |[[Perihelion and aphelion|Ap{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data26 = {{{aphelion|}}}
| label27 = [[Perihelion and aphelion|Peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]
| data27 = {{{perihelion|}}}
| label28 = [[Apsis|Peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}]]
| data28 = {{{periapsis|}}}
| label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=[[Apsis|Ap{{{apsis}}}]] |[[Apsis|Apo{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}]]}}
| data29 = {{{apoapsis|}}}
| label30 = [[Apsis|Periastron]]
| data30 = {{{periastron|}}}
| label31 = [[Apsis|Apoastron]]
| data31 = {{{apoastron|}}}
| label32 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes Semi-major axis]}}
| data32 = {{{semimajor|}}}
| label33 = {{longitem|Mean orbit [[radius]]}}
| data33 = {{{mean_orbit_radius|}}}
| label34 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity Eccentricity]
| data34 = {{{eccentricity|}}}
| label35 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period Orbital period (sidereal)]}}
| data35 = {{{period|}}}
| label36 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period Orbital period (synodic)]}}
| data36 = {{{synodic_period|}}}
| label37 = {{longitem|Average [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_speed orbital speed]}}
| data37 = {{{avg_speed|}}}
| label38 = {{longitem|[[Mean anomaly#Mean anomaly at epoch|Mean anomaly]]}}
| data38 = {{{mean_anomaly|}}}
| label39 = {{longitem|[[Mean motion]]}}
| data39 = {{{mean_motion|}}}
| label40 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination Inclination]
| data40 = {{{inclination|}}}
| label41 = {{longitem|[[Angular distance]]}}
| data41 = {{{angular_dist|}}}
| label42 = {{longitem|[[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude of ascending node]]}}
| data42 = {{{asc_node|}}}
| label43 = {{longitem|[[Longitude of the periapsis|Longitude of]] [[Apsis|peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data43 = {{{long_periastron|}}}
| label44 = {{longitem|[[Apsis|Time of peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data44 = {{{time_periastron|}}}
| label45 = {{longitem|[[Argument of periapsis|Argument of peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data45 = {{{arg_peri|}}}
| label46 = {{nowrap|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude Semi-amplitude]}}
| data46 = {{{semi-amplitude|}}}
| label47 = [[Natural satellite|Satellite of]]
| data47 = {{{satellite_of|}}}
| label48 = [[Irregular moon#Group|Group]]
| data48 = {{{group|}}}
| label49 = {{#switch:{{{allsatellites|}}} |yes|true=[[Natural satellite|Satellite]]s |Known [[Natural satellite|satellite]]s}}
| data49 = {{{satellites|}}}
| label50 = Star
| data50 = {{{star|}}}
| label51 = Earth [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data51 = {{{moid|}}}
| label52 = Mercury [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data52 = {{{mercury_moid|}}}
| label53 = Venus [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data53 = {{{venus_moid|}}}
| label54 = Mars [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data54 = {{{mars_moid|}}}
| label55 = Jupiter [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data55 = {{{jupiter_moid|}}}
| label56 = Saturn [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data56 = {{{saturn_moid|}}}
| label57 = Uranus [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data57 = {{{uranus_moid|}}}
| label58 = Neptune [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data58 = {{{neptune_moid|}}}
| label59 = [[Tisserand's parameter|TJupiter]]
| data59 = {{{tisserand|}}}

| header60 = [[Proper orbital elements]]{{{p_orbit_ref|}}}

| label61 = {{longitem|Proper [[Semi-major and semi-minor axes|semi-major axis]]}}
| data61 = {{#if:{{{p_semimajor|}}} |{{{p_semimajor}}} [[Astronomical unit|AU]]}}
| label62 = {{longitem|Proper [[Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]]}}
| data62 = {{{p_eccentricity|}}}
| label63 = {{longitem|Proper [[Orbital inclination|inclination]]}}
| data63 = {{{p_inclination|}}}
| label64 = {{longitem|Proper [[mean motion]]}}
| data64 = {{#if:{{{p_mean_motion|}}} |{{{p_mean_motion}}} [[Degree (angle)|deg]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}
| label65 = {{longitem|Proper [[orbital period]]}}
| data65 = {{#if:{{{p_mean_motion|}}}|{{#expr:360/{{{p_mean_motion|1}}} round 5}} [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] ({{#expr:365.25*360/{{{p_mean_motion|1}}} round 3}} [[day|d]]) }}
| label66 = {{longitem|Precession of [[Apsis|perihelion]]}}
| data66 = {{#if:{{{perihelion_rate|}}}|{{{perihelion_rate}}} [[Arcsecond|arcsec]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] }}
| label67 = {{longitem|Precession of the [[Longitude of the ascending node|ascending node]]}}
| data67 = {{#if:{{{node_rate|}}}|{{{node_rate}}} [[Arcsecond|arcsec]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}

| header70 = {{anchor|Infobox Physical characteristics}}{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}| [[Standard asteroid physical characteristics|Physical characteristics]]|Physical characteristics}}{{{physical_ref|}}}

| label71 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Dimensions]
| data71 = {{{dimensions|}}}
| label72 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Mean diameter]}}
| data72 = {{{mean_diameter|}}}
| label73 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Mean radius]}}
| data73 = {{{mean_radius|}}}
| label74 = {{longitem|[[Equator]]ial radius}}
| data74 = {{{equatorial_radius|}}}
| label75 = {{longitem|[[Geographical pole|Polar]] radius}}
| data75 = {{{polar_radius|}}}
| label76 = [[Flattening]]
| data76 = {{{flattening|}}}
| label77 = Circumference
| data77 = {{{circumference|}}}
| label78 = {{longitem|[[Spheroid#Surface area|Surface area]]}}
| data78 = {{{surface_area|}}}
| label79 = [[Volume]]
| data79 = {{{volume|}}}
| label80 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass Mass]
| data80 = {{{mass|}}}
| label81 = {{longitem|Mean [[density]]}}
| data81 = {{{density|}}}
| label82 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}|Equatorial [[Standard asteroid physical characteristics#Surface gravity|surface gravity]]|[[Surface gravity]]}}}}
| data82 = {{{surface_grav|}}}
| label83 = {{longitem|[[Moment of inertia factor]]}}
| data83 = {{{moment_of_inertia_factor|}}}
| label84 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}} |Equatorial [[escape velocity]] |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity Escape velocity]}}}}
| data84 = {{{escape_velocity|}}}
| label85 = {{longitem|[[Synodic rotation period]]}}
| data85 = {{{rotation|}}}
| label86 = {{longitem|[[Sidereal rotation period]]}}
| data86 = {{{sidereal_day|}}}
| label87 = {{longitem|Equatorial rotation velocity}}
| data87 = {{{rot_velocity|}}}
| label88 = {{longitem|[[Axial tilt]]}}
| data88 = {{{axial_tilt|}}}
| label89 = {{longitem|North pole {{nowrap|[[right ascension]]}}}}
| data89 = {{{right_asc_north_pole|}}}
| label90 = {{longitem|North pole [[declination]]}}
| data90 = {{{declination|}}}
| label91 = {{longitem|Pole [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic latitude]]}}
| data91 = {{{pole_ecliptic_lat|}}}
| label92 = {{longitem|Pole [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic longitude]]}}
| data92 = {{{pole_ecliptic_lon|}}}
| label93 = {{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}} |{{longitem|[[Geometric albedo]]}} |[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo Albedo]}}
| data93 = {{{albedo|}}}
| label94 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature Temperature]
| data94 = {{{single_temperature|}}}

| data100 = {{#if:{{{temp_name1|}}}{{{temp_name2|}}}{{{temp_name3|}}}{{{temp_name4|}}}|
<table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; margin:0; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tr>
<th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface [[temperature|temp.]]</th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">min</th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">mean</th>
<th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">max</th>
</tr>{{#if:{{{temp_name1|}}}|<tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">{{{temp_name1}}}</th>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{min_temp_1|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{mean_temp_1|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{max_temp_1|}}}</td>
</tr>}}{{#if:{{{temp_name2|}}}|<tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">{{{temp_name2}}}</th>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{min_temp_2|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{mean_temp_2|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{max_temp_2|}}}</td>
</tr>}}{{#if:{{{temp_name3|}}}|<tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">{{{temp_name3}}}</th>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{min_temp_3|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{mean_temp_3|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{max_temp_3|}}}</td>
</tr>}}{{#if:{{{temp_name4|}}}|<tr>
<th style="padding-left:1.0em">{{{temp_name4}}}</th>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{min_temp_4|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{mean_temp_4|}}}</td>
<td style="text-align:center">{{{max_temp_4|}}}</td>
</tr>}}
</table>}}

| label101 = Surface [[absorbed dose]] [[Dose rate|rate]]
| data101 = {{{surface_absorbed_dose_rate|}}}
| label102 = Surface [[equivalent dose]] [[Dose rate|rate]]
| data102 = {{{surface_equivalent_dose_rate|}}}
| label103 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}|[[Asteroid spectral types|Spectral type]]|Spectral type}}}}
| data103 = {{{spectral_type|}}}
| label104 = {{longitem|[[Asteroid family]]}}
| data104 = {{{family|}}}
| label105 = {{longitem|[[Apparent magnitude]]}}
| data105 = {{{magnitude|}}}
| label106 = {{longitem|[[Absolute magnitude#Solar System bodies (H)|Absolute magnitude ''(H)'']]}}
| data106 = {{{abs_magnitude|}}}
| label107 = {{longitem|[[Angular diameter]]}}
| data107 = {{{angular_size|}}}

| header110 = Atmosphere{{{atmosphere_ref|}}}

| label111 = {{longitem|Surface [[Atmospheric pressure|pressure]]}}
| data111 = {{{surface_pressure|}}}
| label112 = {{longitem|[[Scale height]]}}
| data112 = {{{scale_height|}}}
| label113 = [[Atmospheric chemistry#Atmospheric composition|Composition by volume]]
| data113 = {{{atmosphere_composition|}}}

| below = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{note|}}}||{{reflist|group="note"}} }}</includeonly>

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox planet with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox planet]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| abs_magnitude | adjective | adjectives | albedo | allsatellites | alt_names | angular_dist | angular_size | aphelion | apoapsis | apsis | apoastron | arg_peri | asc_node | atmosphere | atmosphere_composition | atmosphere_ref | avg_speed | axial_tilt | background | barycentric | bgcolour | caption | circumference | declination | density | dimensions | discovered | discoverer | discovery_method | discovery_ref | discovery_site | earliest_precovery_date | eccentricity | epoch | equatorial_radius | escape_velocity | exosolar planets | extrasolarplanet | family | flattening | group | image | image_alt | image_scale | inclination | jupiter_moid | label_width | long_periastron | magnitude | mars_moid | mass | max_temp_1 | max_temp_2 | max_temp_3 | max_temp_4 | mean_anomaly | mean_diameter | mean_motion | mean_orbit_radius | mean_radius | mean_temp_1 | mean_temp_2 | mean_temp_3 | mean_temp_4 | mercury_moid | min_temp_1 | min_temp_2 | min_temp_3 | min_temp_4 | minorplanet | moid | moment_of_inertia_factor | mp_category | mp_name | mpc_name | name | named_after | neptune_moid | node_rate | note | observation_arc | orbit_diagram | orbit_ref | p_eccentricity | p_inclination | p_mean_motion | p_orbit_ref | p_semimajor | periapsis | periastron | perihelion | perihelion_rate | period | physical_ref | polar_radius | pole_ecliptic_lat | pole_ecliptic_lon | pronounce | pronounced | right_asc_north_pole | rot_velocity | rotation | satellite_of | satellites | saturn_moid | scale_height | semi-amplitude | semimajor | sidereal_day | single_temperature | spectral_type | star | surface_area | surface_grav | surface_pressure | surface_absorbed_dose_rate | surface_equivalent_dose_rate | symbol | synodic_period | temp_name1 | temp_name2 | temp_name3 | temp_name4 | time_periastron | tisserand | uncertainty | uranus_moid | venus_moid | volume }}<noinclude>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_planet Source]
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox planet

2025-06-16T13:34:05Z

Tholin:

{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate
| class = vcard
| titleclass = fn org
| title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}
| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|upright={{#if:{{{image_scale|}}}|{{{image_scale|}}}|1.1}}|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}}
| caption = {{{caption|}}}
| headerstyle = {{#if:{{{background|{{{bgcolour|}}}}}}|background-color:{{{background|{{{bgcolour|}}}}}}|background-color:#E0CCFF}}
| labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:{{{label_width|}}}|{{{label_width|}}}|11em}};
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| header1 = Discovery{{{discovery_ref|}}}

| label2 = [[List of minor planet discoverers|Discovered by]]
| data2 = {{{discoverer|}}}
| label3 = [[List of observatory codes|Discovery site]]
| data3 = {{{discovery_site|}}}
| label4 = Discovery date
| data4 = {{{discovered|}}}
| label5 = {{longitem|[[Methods of detecting exoplanets|Detection method]]}}
| data5 = {{{discovery_method|}}}

| header10 = {{#if:{{{extrasolarplanet|{{{exosolar planets|}}}}}}|[[Exoplanet#Nomenclature|Designations]]|Designations}}

| label11 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}|[[Minor-planet designation|MPC designation]]|Designation}}}}
| data11 = {{{mpc_name|{{{mp_name|}}}}}}
| label12 = Pronunciation
| data12 = {{{pronounce|{{{pronounced|}}}}}}
| label13 = {{longitem|Named after}}
| data13 = {{{named_after|}}}
| label14 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}|[[Provisional designation in astronomy|Alternative designations]]|[[Provisional designation in astronomy|Alternative names]]}}}}
| data14 = {{{alt_names|}}}
| label15 = {{longitem|[[Minor planet#Populations|Minor planet category]]}}
| data15 = {{{mp_category|}}}
| label16 = [[List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies|Adjectives]]
| data16 = {{{adjectives|{{{adjective|}}}}}}
| label17 = [[Planet symbols|Symbol]]
| data17 = {{{symbol|}}}

| header20 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating_orbit Orbital characteristics]{{#ifeq:{{{barycentric|}}}|yes| [[Barycenter#Inside or outside the Sun?|(barycentric)]]}}{{{orbit_ref|}}}

| data21 = {{{orbit_diagram|}}}
| data22 = {{#if:{{{epoch|}}} |[[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]] {{{epoch}}}}}
| data23 = {{#if:{{{uncertainty|}}} | [[Uncertainty parameter]] {{{uncertainty}}}}}
| label24 = [[Observation arc]]
| data24 = {{{observation_arc|}}}
| label25 = Earliest [[precovery]] date
| data25 = {{{earliest_precovery_date|}}}
| label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=[[Apsis|Apo{{{apsis}}}]] |[[Perihelion and aphelion|Ap{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data26 = {{{aphelion|}}}
| label27 = [[Perihelion and aphelion|Peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]
| data27 = {{{perihelion|}}}
| label28 = [[Apsis|Peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}]]
| data28 = {{{periapsis|}}}
| label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=[[Apsis|Ap{{{apsis}}}]] |[[Apsis|Apo{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}]]}}
| data29 = {{{apoapsis|}}}
| label30 = [[Apsis|Periastron]]
| data30 = {{{periastron|}}}
| label31 = [[Apsis|Apoastron]]
| data31 = {{{apoastron|}}}
| label32 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes Semi-major axis]}}
| data32 = {{{semimajor|}}}
| label33 = {{longitem|Mean orbit [[radius]]}}
| data33 = {{{mean_orbit_radius|}}}
| label34 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity Eccentricity]
| data34 = {{{eccentricity|}}}
| label35 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period Orbital period (sidereal)]}}
| data35 = {{{period|}}}
| label36 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period Orbital period (synodic)]}}
| data36 = {{{synodic_period|}}}
| label37 = {{longitem|Average [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_speed orbital speed]}}
| data37 = {{{avg_speed|}}}
| label38 = {{longitem|[[Mean anomaly#Mean anomaly at epoch|Mean anomaly]]}}
| data38 = {{{mean_anomaly|}}}
| label39 = {{longitem|[[Mean motion]]}}
| data39 = {{{mean_motion|}}}
| label40 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination Inclination]
| data40 = {{{inclination|}}}
| label41 = {{longitem|[[Angular distance]]}}
| data41 = {{{angular_dist|}}}
| label42 = {{longitem|[[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude of ascending node]]}}
| data42 = {{{asc_node|}}}
| label43 = {{longitem|[[Longitude of the periapsis|Longitude of]] [[Apsis|peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data43 = {{{long_periastron|}}}
| label44 = {{longitem|[[Apsis|Time of peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data44 = {{{time_periastron|}}}
| label45 = {{longitem|[[Argument of periapsis|Argument of peri{{#if:{{{apsis|}}}|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}]]}}
| data45 = {{{arg_peri|}}}
| label46 = {{nowrap|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude Semi-amplitude]}}
| data46 = {{{semi-amplitude|}}}
| label47 = [[Natural satellite|Satellite of]]
| data47 = {{{satellite_of|}}}
| label48 = [[Irregular moon#Group|Group]]
| data48 = {{{group|}}}
| label49 = {{#switch:{{{allsatellites|}}} |yes|true=[[Natural satellite|Satellite]]s |Known [[Natural satellite|satellite]]s}}
| data49 = {{{satellites|}}}
| label50 = Star
| data50 = {{{star|}}}
| label51 = Earth [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data51 = {{{moid|}}}
| label52 = Mercury [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data52 = {{{mercury_moid|}}}
| label53 = Venus [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data53 = {{{venus_moid|}}}
| label54 = Mars [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data54 = {{{mars_moid|}}}
| label55 = Jupiter [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data55 = {{{jupiter_moid|}}}
| label56 = Saturn [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data56 = {{{saturn_moid|}}}
| label57 = Uranus [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data57 = {{{uranus_moid|}}}
| label58 = Neptune [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data58 = {{{neptune_moid|}}}
| label59 = [[Tisserand's parameter|TJupiter]]
| data59 = {{{tisserand|}}}

| header60 = [[Proper orbital elements]]{{{p_orbit_ref|}}}

| label61 = {{longitem|Proper [[Semi-major and semi-minor axes|semi-major axis]]}}
| data61 = {{#if:{{{p_semimajor|}}} |{{{p_semimajor}}} [[Astronomical unit|AU]]}}
| label62 = {{longitem|Proper [[Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]]}}
| data62 = {{{p_eccentricity|}}}
| label63 = {{longitem|Proper [[Orbital inclination|inclination]]}}
| data63 = {{{p_inclination|}}}
| label64 = {{longitem|Proper [[mean motion]]}}
| data64 = {{#if:{{{p_mean_motion|}}} |{{{p_mean_motion}}} [[Degree (angle)|deg]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}
| label65 = {{longitem|Proper [[orbital period]]}}
| data65 = {{#if:{{{p_mean_motion|}}}|{{#expr:360/{{{p_mean_motion|1}}} round 5}} [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] ({{#expr:365.25*360/{{{p_mean_motion|1}}} round 3}} [[day|d]]) }}
| label66 = {{longitem|Precession of [[Apsis|perihelion]]}}
| data66 = {{#if:{{{perihelion_rate|}}}|{{{perihelion_rate}}} [[Arcsecond|arcsec]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] }}
| label67 = {{longitem|Precession of the [[Longitude of the ascending node|ascending node]]}}
| data67 = {{#if:{{{node_rate|}}}|{{{node_rate}}} [[Arcsecond|arcsec]]{{\}}[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}

| header70 = {{anchor|Infobox Physical characteristics}}{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}| [[Standard asteroid physical characteristics|Physical characteristics]]|Physical characteristics}}{{{physical_ref|}}}

| label71 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Dimensions]
| data71 = {{{dimensions|}}}
| label72 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Mean diameter]}}
| data72 = {{{mean_diameter|}}}
| label73 = {{longitem|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy) Mean radius]}}
| data73 = {{{mean_radius|}}}
| label74 = {{longitem|[[Equator]]ial radius}}
| data74 = {{{equatorial_radius|}}}
| label75 = {{longitem|[[Geographical pole|Polar]] radius}}
| data75 = {{{polar_radius|}}}
| label76 = [[Flattening]]
| data76 = {{{flattening|}}}
| label77 = Circumference
| data77 = {{{circumference|}}}
| label78 = {{longitem|[[Spheroid#Surface area|Surface area]]}}
| data78 = {{{surface_area|}}}
| label79 = [[Volume]]
| data79 = {{{volume|}}}
| label80 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass Mass]
| data80 = {{{mass|}}}
| label81 = {{longitem|Mean [[density]]}}
| data81 = {{{density|}}}
| label82 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}}|Equatorial [[Standard asteroid physical characteristics#Surface gravity|surface gravity]]|[[Surface gravity]]}}}}
| data82 = {{{surface_grav|}}}
| label83 = {{longitem|[[Moment of inertia factor]]}}
| data83 = {{{moment_of_inertia_factor|}}}
| label84 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{minorplanet|}}} |Equatorial [[escape velocity]] |[[Escape velocity]]}}}}
| data84 = {{{escape_velocity|}}}
| label85 = {{longitem|[[Synodic rotation period]]}}
| data85 = {{{rotation|}}}
| label86 = {{longitem|[[Sidereal rotation period]]}}
| data86 = {{{sidereal_day|}}}
| label87 = {{longitem|Equatorial rotation velocity}}
| data87 = {{{rot_velocity|}}}
| label88 = {{longitem|[[Axial tilt]]}}
| data88 = {{{axial_tilt|}}}
| label89 = {{longitem|North pole {{nowrap|[[right ascension]]}}}}
| data89 = {{{right_asc_north_pole|}}}
| label90 = {{longitem|North pole [[declination]]}}
| data90 = {{{declination|}}}
| label91 = {{longitem|Pole [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic latitude]]}}
| data91 = {{{pole_ecliptic_lat|}}}
| label92 = {{longitem|Pole [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic longitude]]}}
| data92 = {{{pole_ecliptic_lon|}}}
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Infernum

2025-06-16T13:29:04Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet = no
| name = Infernum
| image =
| note = aa
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| apsis = astron
| alt_names = 
| periastron =
| apoastron =
| semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}
| avg_speed = 
| eccentricity = 0
| period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}}
| inclination = 76.3°
| angular_dist =
| long_periastron = 
| time_periastron = 
| semi-amplitude =
| star = [[Solakku]]
| mean_radius = 1.497 {{jupiter radius|link = yes}}
| surface_area =
| volume =
| density =
| mass = 3.1 {{jupiter mass|link = yes}}
| surface_grav = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor =
| escape_velocity =
| albedo = 0.5
| single_temperature = {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}
}}

Infernum (natively Valotolave, lit. "burning land") is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter hot jupiter] planet orbiting close to [[Solakku]]. It orbits with a short period of about 25 hours, making it observable as transiting Solakku several times per Avalon day. Its close proximity to Solakku is responsible for tidal effects on the surface of the star, which trigger observable stellar activity.

{{clear}}

= Physical Characteristics =

== Composition ==

The upper atmosphere for Infernum is observed to contain 96% Hydrogen, with almost 4% Helium and traces of various molecules such as titanium monoxide and carbon monoxide. However, the overall ratio of gases within the planet is estimated to be closer to 80% Hydrogen and 20% Helium. A significant amount of silicates and iron are observable in Infernum’s spectrum, dredged up by the high temperatures.

== Size and mass ==

Infernum measures about 16 Earth radii, or 50 times the size of [[Avalon]]. However, this figure is only a rough average. In reality, Infernum is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid prolate] as it is being stretched by the gravity of Solakku. Its radius is additionally being inflated by the high temperatures puffing it up even before being stretched.

Infernum’s mass sits at 985 Earths or 36,000 Avalons, making it the heaviest planet in the Solakku system, only eclipsed by the star [[Crest]]. This mass is still by far not enough to have it be considered a brown dwarf, despite the fact that Infernum visibly radiates light on its far side.
This mass is also slowly dropping as Infernum undergoes mass loss from Solakku’s gravity slowly stripping material from Infernum’s atmosphere. The high temperatures also aid in allowing atoms to be accelerated away from the planet. However, this process is very slow and is expected to take much longer to completely strip the planet of its atmosphere than it will take for its orbit to drop past the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_limit roche limit].

== Atmosphere ==

Infernum’s atmosphere consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, with smaller amounts of other compounds such as iron, titanium monoxide, carbon monoxide and even water and ammonia vapors.

A thick cloud layer of silicate and iron vapors is constantly maintained everywhere on the planet. As these are highly opaque, they make direct observation of deeper layers of the planet difficult. They are also highly reflective, raising Infernum’s albedo to 0.5.
It is assumed that, just like clouds on other planets, these are capable of precipitation, in this case in the form of droplets of molten iron, which re-evaporate in the hotter deeper layers of the planet.

The atmosphere of Infernum is also characterized by intense winds circulating heat between the near and far side at speeds of up to {{val|12|u=km/s}}. The temperature of the day side is about {{convert|3,187|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}}, which drops to {{convert|1,853|K|abbr = on|sigfig = 3}} on the night side. The day side temperature is actually high enough to ionize hydrogen. These hydrogen ions flow to the far side and recombine into neutral atoms, before cycling back towards the near side.

== Internal structure ==

Due to difficulty of observation, Infernum’s internal structure is hard to discern, but it most likely contains a mantle of metallic hydrogen with a layer of liquid hydrogen coating it before the puffy atmosphere. At the very center should be a rocky core, from which the planet originally grew.

The temperature of Infernum’s interior is estimated to be even more extreme below the cloud layers than the visible layers of atmosphere, probably growing to 10,000s of Kelvins.

== Formation ==

It is highly improbably that Infernum formed in its present location. Gas giants generally form past the frost line, which is where temperatures allow volatile chemicals to freeze solid, and contribute to the mass of growing terrestrial planetoids. This eventually pushes them pass a mass where they are able to start accreting a thick hydrogen and helium envelope, eventually developing into a gas giant.

However, this close to Solakku, there would have been neither enough rocky nor gassy material available to form a gas giant directly. Instead, Infernum is likely to have formed as just described, and then migrated inwards to its current orbit. The mechanics by which this could have occurred are numerous, but the amount of distance Infernum would have had to cross means it was potentially extreme.

Most likely, Infernum formed together with [[Valaya]] in relatively close orbits, before an encounter with a heavy object from interstellar space pushed both planets into closer orbits, though Infernum was affected more strongly.
This theory also explains why there are only two terrestrial bodies in-between the orbits of Valaya and Infernum, as the latter’s migration would have disrupted the orbits of every object within this space.

== Orbit and rotation ==

Infernum has an incredibly close orbit to Solakku, only 0.025 AU, which is 21 times closed than even [[Magnus]]. It completes this orbit once every 25 hours, meaning it is seen transiting Solakku several times per day from Avalon. Its orbital eccentricity is negligible and can be assumed to be zero, the result of its orbit having long since circularized under the gravitational pull of Solakku. Its inclination is incredibly high, on an almost polar orbit around Solakku, further indicating that it migrated to its current orbit after a major disruption to the Solakku system.

Infernum is tidally locked to Solakku due to its proximity. However, Infernum is not a solid body, meaning the atmosphere is free to rotate at a different speed at different latitudes. The rotation of its magnetosphere is instead used as a reference point for measuring Infernum’s rotation.

== Magnetosphere ==

Infernum possesses a magnetic field with a mean strength of {{val|0.12|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit) mT]}} with a highly asymmetric shape. Though a magnetic dipole, it interacts with the solar wind from Solakku, which compresses and weakens it against the direction of Infernum’s orbit. Infernum’s high orbital velocity causes its magnetic field to leave a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock bow shock] within Solakku’s corona, visibly disturbing the solar winds.

These interactions serve to generate strong radio signatures, including short bursts in a wide range at and above 1 MHz. These can be picked up on Avalon with shortwave radio receivers.

= Observation =

Infernum itself is incredibly difficult to observe. Most of the time, its surface details are obscured by the brightness of Solakku in the background. Even if the planet is visually located next to the star, its high albedo means it reflects a lot of incoming light from Solakku, making it incredibly bright. It is possible to observe the night side of Solakku using amateur equipment by blocking the light from the day side, revealing a deep red glow of thermal photons emitted in the upper atmosphere.

Exploration using probes is also inadvisable, due to the required proximity of the spacecraft to Solakku. The closest approach ever performed to Infernum by spacecraft still only reached a distance of {{convert|0.01|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}}.

However, Infernum’s shadow against Solakku is easily observable via a telescope with proper filters. Infact, Infernum may sometimes be observable by the naked eye when Valaya has eclipsed Solakku, and it briefly becomes visible as a bright dot before it too is eclipsed. Prehistoric records also suggest observations of Infernum on Avalon’s far side, using leaves or pieces of wood to block out the light of Solakku, revealing Infernum as a white spot next to the star.

These observations strongly shaped early astronomy, as Infernum is the easiest to observe evidence of another planet orbiting Solakku, due to its short orbital period making its motion visible over just a few hours of observation. Infernum’s name was most likely derived at this time and many old myths connect it to Solakku. It is most often seen as Solakku’s younger packmate, closer in existence to a moon, but burning with flame which it still has to borrow from its larger companion whom it flies with.

Observations of Infernum’s transit across Solakku became easy to obtain after the invention of the telescope and formed the basis of a Solakku-centric model of the Solakku system. They also helped to inform early theories of universial gravitation and orbital mechanics. Crucially, observations taken from different locations allowed measurement of the stellar parallax to Solakku and first semi-accurate estimation of the distance between Avalon and Solakku. Repeating this experiment with Avalon in different positions in its orbit also aided in narrowing down the scale of the Valaya System.

Infernum

2025-06-16T12:19:20Z

Tholin:

Solakku

2025-06-16T12:14:38Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Infernum’s orbit is at a high inclination, misaligning most flares with the positions of the other planets, except for two brief time periods in each planet’s orbit, where it passes through Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at any celestial body. Only Magnus and Solvis are the most at risk, due to their proximity to Solakku and relatively frequent passes through the aforementioned plane.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Infernum

2025-06-16T11:36:28Z

Tholin:

Infernum

2025-06-16T11:22:01Z

Tholin:

Solakku

2025-06-16T10:51:01Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Valaya’s orbital inclination currently situates it and Avalon slightly away from Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at it. This also true to varying degree for most planets within the Solakku system, with Magnus and Solvis being the most at risk.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star, such as at Solvis. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2910|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Infernum

2025-06-16T10:43:42Z

Tholin:

Template:Infobox planet

2025-06-16T10:27:01Z

Tholin:

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| data47 = {{{satellite_of|}}}
| label48 = [[Irregular moon#Group|Group]]
| data48 = {{{group|}}}
| label49 = {{#switch:{{{allsatellites|}}} |yes|true=[[Natural satellite|Satellite]]s |Known [[Natural satellite|satellite]]s}}
| data49 = {{{satellites|}}}
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| data50 = {{{star|}}}
| label51 = Earth [[Minimum orbit intersection distance|MOID]]
| data51 = {{{moid|}}}
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| data52 = {{{mercury_moid|}}}
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Infernum

2025-06-16T10:26:12Z

Tholin: Created page with "{{unofficial}} {{Infobox planet | extrasolarplanet = no | name = Infernum | image = | note = aa | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | apsis = astron | alt_names =  | periastron = | apoastron = | semimajor = {{convert|0.025|AU|km|abbr = on|sigfig = 5}} | avg_speed =  | eccentricity = 0 | period = {{convert|1.041053241|day|hour}} | inclination = 0° | angular_dist = | long_periastron = <!..."

Solakku

2025-06-04T14:17:12Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Valaya’s orbital inclination currently situates it and Avalon slightly away from Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at it. This also true to varying degree for most planets within the Solakku system, with Magnus and Solvis being the most at risk.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star, such as at Solvis. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2863|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.03 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.804|e=23|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-06-04T14:12:07Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Valaya’s orbital inclination currently situates it and Avalon slightly away from Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at it. This also true to varying degree for most planets within the Solakku system, with Magnus and Solvis being the most at risk.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star, such as at Solvis. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Tusoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2863|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tusoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-06-04T14:07:40Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is of the right steepness to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium with relatively little plasma currents occurring inside.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku. Along the way, it is inhibited by larger nuclei of various metals, slowing the transfer and leading to a cooler surface temperature.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is not opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. The spectrum of this light can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop off rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]]. Infernum constantly casts a shadow in the stellar wind and disrupts its shape gravitationally and with its magnetic field, visible in the Corona as apparent smears and gaps.

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it are dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 850 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. On lower-mass stars, convection causes plasma currents and powerful magnetic fields, powering extreme events such as stellar flares, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents. These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_loop plasma loops], which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents. Rarely, a multitude of these events occur in close proximity and combine, releasing a single, more powerful flare.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Valaya’s orbital inclination currently situates it and Avalon slightly away from Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at it. This also true to varying degree for most planets within the Solakku system, with Magnus and Solvis being the most at risk.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

The more powerful stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star, such as at Solvis. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage that may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [[Crest]]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share all of Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence, but this is rather unlikely. The difference in composition is more easily explained by the high difference in mass between the two stars.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a much lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, increasing stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opacity caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years and is already responsible for the slow shrinking of Solvis’ oceans, which are set to evaporate completely in anywhere from 10 to 50 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen depletion everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the center of the store, forming a growing dead core. It is also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock, if this has not occurred already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Musoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the center point of the galaxy at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 14 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2863|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Musoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}

Solakku

2025-06-04T12:48:02Z

Tholin:

{{unofficial}}

{{Starbox begin
| name = Solakku
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Solakku from space.png|250px]]
| caption = Solakku, viewed through a filter
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence Main Sequence]
| class = kA5hA8mF4
| b-v = 0.27
}}
{{Starbox detail
| age = 2.33 billion
| mass = 1.92
| radius = 2.174
| luminosity = 15.87
| temperature = 7803
| metal_fe = 0.192
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| gperiod = 45 million
| gvelocity = 340
| mkdist = 8200
}}
{{end}}

Solakku is the star at the centre of the avali home system. It is chemically peculiar and roughly classifiable as an A-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence main-sequence] star. It orbits the galactic enter at a distance of {{val|8200|u=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year light-years]|fmt=commas}} on average and is approximately {{convert|6.88|au|km}} away from [[Avalon]]. This corresponds to about 57 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-minute light-minutes].

Solakku forms a binary star system together with its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf red dwarf] companion [[Crest]]. Alone, Solakku contains 92.85% of the total mass of this system and together with Crest, the two stars hold 99.81% of the total mass.

Like other main-sequence stars, Solakku produces energy through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion nuclear fusion] of Hydrogen into Helium and emits most of this energy through light, in its case mostly visible light.

= Composition =

Solakku consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, though the composition is different between what is observable in the photosphere and what is present in the core. As it is already at least 77% through its total lifespan, Solakku’s core consists of 82% helium, with the remaining 18% being mostly hydrogen.

The measured photosphere composition is 78.3% hydrogen and 19.1% helium. Metals account for the remaining 2.6%, most notably 0.26% iron and traces of Calcium. This is an unusual high metallicity for an A-type star, making it an Am-type [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_peculiar_star chemically peculiar star].
This makes classification difficult. Visually, Solakku is an A8 star, but the calcium indicates A5 and the metallic lines F4, leading to its unusual spectral type kA5hA8mF4.

As elements heavier than hydrogen usually sink into the star over time due to gravity as the density of the core increases, it can generally be assumed that the metalicity of Solakku in its inner layers is even higher than what the photospheric composition would suggest. Internal metalicity explains the unusually low luminosity for a star of Solakku’s mass and age. The presence of metals increases the opacity of the star’s inner layers, that is by how much energy is inhibited from reaching the surface, which has a cooling effect on the outside, while increasing core temperature.

= Structure =

Structurally, Solakku consist of several zones, separated by short transition layers. The main layers are the core, convective zone, radiative zone and atmosphere, which is itself split into the photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

== Core ==

The core of Solakku makes up about 20% of its radius and is the only place inside the star where nuclear fusion is possible due to the immense pressures and temperatures, which are estimated to be as high as 21 million kelvin.

Fusion takes place through both the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%E2%80%93proton_chain proton-proton chain] as well as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle CNO cycle]. Both of these processes convert hydrogen into helium at a combined rate of {{Val|9.849|e=12|u=kg/s}}, of which {{Val|6.759|e=10|u=kg/s}} (0.7%) are converted into energy and {{Val|1.378|e=8|u=kg/s}} (0.0014%) are released as neutrinos, the mass of which is equal to roughly 2% of Solakku’s total energy output.

== Convective zone ==

[[File:Heat Transfer in Stars.svg|thumb|300px|Illustration of different stars’ internal structure based on mass. Solakku on the left has an inner convective zone and an outer radiative zone.|alt=See caption]]

As the CNO cycle requires higher temperatures and produces more energy, it only occurs closer to the center of the core and produces more heat, while the proton-proton chain dominates the outer core, but produces less heat.

This, combined with the generally high energy output of the core, generates a temperature gradient which is steep enough to cause [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection convection] within the star, which extends up to 50% of Solakku’s radius. This process aids in heat transfer, moving energy away from the hot core and towards the upper layers of the star.

{{clear}}

== Radiative zone ==

Further away from the core, temperatures and pressures fall rapidly, forming steep gradients in both. The rapid change in density in particular is what ultimately makes convection impossible. The result is a layer which is in thermal equilibrium.

This layer extends up to the surface of Solakku and transfers energy passively through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction thermal conduction] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation radiative diffusion], the latter of which gives this layer its name. Energy is only moved slowly through these processes, arriving at the final, observable surface temperature of Solakku.

== Atmosphere ==

The atmosphere of Solakku consists of a photosphere, chromosphere and corona. The photosphere is defined as the visible surface of the star, or the deepest layer that is no opaque to visible light. Thermal photons produced here are able to escape to become sunlight. This zone is usually several hundred to a few thousand kilometres thick, a tiny fraction of Solakku’s full radius.

The spectrum of the light emitted here can be approximated as that of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body black-body] radiating at 7803 K, the measured surface temperature of Solakku.

Particle densities drop of rapidly in the Chromosphere and Corona, though temperatures increase to over 20,000 K in the Chromosphere and millions of K in the Corona. It is possible to briefly observe the Corona once a day on Avalon, but only from the Valaya-facing side, when Solakku itself has just been eclipsed by the ice giant, with the Corona appearing as a faint white whisp trailing the star.

The radius of the Corona, and thus the Atmosphere as a whole, is variable from point to point, depending on speed and particle density of the stellar winds making up the Corona, but can be up to 24 times the radius of Solakku, past the orbit of [[Infernum]].

= Stellar radiation =

== Sunlight ==

Solakku mostly emits light of higher wavelengths due to its high temperature, leading to an apparent color of blue-tinged white. As well as providing visibility during daytime, this light is the primary energy source for life on Avalon, directly powering photosynthesis.

However, Solakku also radiates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ultraviolet] photons, which are attenuated by Avalon’s ozone layer. UV Radiation that reaches the surface can have positive biological effects, but higher wavelengths of it can be dangerous and can be considered mutagens in some contexts. These emissions are therefore directly responsible for a number of biological adaptions seen particularly in lower latitudes on Avalon, where light has a more direct path through the ozone layer.

The light energy emitted by Solakku equals a total output power of {{val|6.075|e=27|u=watts}}, but due to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-square_law inverse-square law], only about {{val|456|u=W/&NoBreak;m2}} reaches Avalon.
This value is known as the stellar flux and represents the amount of energy reaching Avalon’s position. The exact amount that reaches the surface may be lower and depends on atmospheric factors and latitude, but also on the exact positions of Valaya and Avalon in their respective orbits.

== Stellar activity ==

Solakku generates a constant stream of charged particles at variable rates, known as stellar wind, which makes up the corona. This stellar wind, driven by radiative pressure, is not uniform, but varies in strength over latitude and longitude above Solakku. It consist primarily of electrons, protons and alpha particles which have been accelerated to up to 800 km/s, but also contains hydrogen atoms and atomic nuclei of various metals.

Otherwise, Solakku is particularly quiescent. As heat transfer is radiative in its outer zone, there are no convection cells to shift the plasma making up Solakku’s surface. The complex magnetic fields formed as a result are usually the driving force of powerful events such as stellar flares in lower-mass stars, but this does not occur on Solakku.

Instead, interactions between Infernum and Solakku have a profound effect. Due to Infernum’s low orbit and high mass, its gravity will pull at the plasma below it, creating a tidal wave trailing Infernum. As this wave moves faster than the rotation period of Solakku, it crashes into the slower-moving plasma and drags it along, leaving behind a trail of vortices and other shock-induced currents.

These plasma currents in turn create magnetic fields, which may combine to create further observable effects, such as plasma loops, which occur when plasma is confined within one of these fields and lifted above Solakku’s surface.

These rogue fields inevitably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection reconnect] with each other, or the magnetic field of Solakku as a whole, releasing bursts of energy in the form of radiation all across the electromagnetic spectrum, up to ultraviolet light and X-Rays. These stellar flares occur regularly on Solakku’s surface, directly below Infernum’s orbit. However, they are relatively weak compared to ones on lower-mass stars, where they are driven by much stronger convection currents.

=== Effects ===

Stellar wind is almost entirely warded off by the combined [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere magnetospheres] of Avalon and Valaya, though these same fields may concentrate the charged particles received from the stellar wind into [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Van Allen belts], which block spacecraft from parking inside whole ranges of orbits. Other celestial bodies with magnetospheres also exhibit these effects.
On bodies without a magnetic field, the stellar winds may reach the surface and chemically transform it, such as with the formation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholin Tholins].

Avalon’s atmosphere, especially the ozone layer, is responsible for attenuating or even completely filtering the dangerous ultraviolet and X-Ray radiation of stellar flares. Additionally, Valaya’s orbital inclination currently situates it and Avalon slightly away from Infernum’s orbital plane. The majority of energy released by these flares is thus only rarely aimed directly at it. This also true to varying degree for most planets within the Solakku system, with Magnus and Solvis being the most at risk.

Both types of emissions have a profound impact on space travel, however. Spacecraft situated close to Avalon, Valaya or any celestial body with or within a magnetosphere are still protected from stellar winds, but interplanetary space possesses a dangerously high background radiation count caused by stellar wind. Both computer systems and crewed modules aboard spacecraft traversing this space must thus be built to mitigate or block the effects of stellar wind emissions.

Stellar flares pose an acute danger within a specific area, aligned with Infernum’s orbital plane and close to the star, such as at Solvis. If one strikes a spacecraft, it may cause electrical malfunctions on space probes and severe radiation exposure to lifeforms on crewed vessels. The energies of stellar flares are not inhibited by Solvis’ magnetosphere and can thus reach any spacecraft outside of its atmosphere.

However, the possible damage they may be caused in these scenarios is significantly less than flares in lower mass stars, such as [Crest]. Most modern crewed spacecraft are constructed to handle other stars’ stellar activity as well, meaning they can easily protect against Solakku’s flares. Historically, however, stellar wind and stellar flares lead to major difficulties in non-FTL deep-space exploration.

= Life phases =

== Formation ==

Solakku formed approximately 2.6 billion years ago through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_collapse gravitational collapse] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud molecular cloud], beginning its life cycle. This occurred most likely at the same time as Crest’s formation, as they are projected to have very similar ages.
However, Crest does not share Solakku’s chemical peculiarities, so the two stars may have formed in different regions of their molecular cloud. Another theory posits that Crest was captured by Solakku and the overlapping ages are merely a coincidence.

Some meteorites orbiting Solakku and captured for study were found to contain traces of decay products of short-lived nuclei which only form in the extreme conditions of supernovae. The amount indicates that a number of these took place near this molecular cloud, the shockwaves of which would’ve triggered the formation of Solakku and enriched the environment with additional metals, potentially explaining Solakku’s chemical peculiarity.

As Solakku was forming, a disk of gas and cloud, known as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk protoplanetary disk] would’ve also accumulated around it. The particles making it up then slowly accreted into larger chunks over millions of years, which could repeatedly collide and combine to form planets.

Closer in to Solakku, this process would’ve stopped at creating silicate and metal rich terrestrial bodies, such as Magnus and Solvis, but beyond the frost line, temperatures would’ve been cold enough for volatile molecules to freeze into solids and further accumulate on any forming planets, pushing them past the mass required to collect thick envelopes of lighter gases, primarily hydrogen, forming the giant planets [[Valaya]], [[Edith]] and, to a lesser extent, [[Frost]].

The planets then slowly migrated from their initial positions over time due to gravitational interactions, most prominently Infernum, which was transferred from its position beyond the frost line to a close orbit around Solakku. After just a few million years, stellar winds from Solakku would’ve blown all remaining dust and gas away, completing the process.

== Main Sequence ==

[[File:Hr diagramm solakku new.png|300px|thumb|Position of Solakku within the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, showing it is currently a main-sequence star.]]

Solakku is just over three quarters through its main-sequence stage, during which hydrogen in its core fuses into helium. Approximately 3.1 billion years will have passed between its formation and transition into the red giant phase. The higher metalicity of Solakku has served to draw out this lifespan, which is longer than its mass might suggest. As the higher opaqueness caused by the metals reduces the amount of energy which can reach the surface, this also puts a cap on how fast hydrogen can fuse in the core, reducing burn rates and extending the lifespan.

During its main-sequence phase, Solakku has gradually become cooler in its core and surface, but larger in radius, with the overall effect being a increase in luminosity, which is now sitting at just over 45% what it was initially. This luminosity increase has been gradual up to this point, but is approaching a point of accelerating. Current models predict that the increase in energy output will render Avalon uninhabitable in 100 to 200 million years.

{{clear}}

== After hydrogen exhaustion ==

Solakku is not massive enough to undergo supernova. Instead, core hydrogen fusion will cease in 770 million years, with the core contracting rapidly without the energy released by fusion to push against gravity. This contraction will lower a substantial amount of mass down the gravity well, releasing a massive amount of potential energy. This energy is transferred into the outer layers of the star, causing it to increase dramatically in radius and luminosity after a brief decrease in brightness, up to 25 {{Solar radius}} and 220 {{Solar luminosity}}. At the same time, its temperature falls due to the increase in surface area, to as low as 4800 K, making it appear visually pale orange. Solakku has entered its red giant phase.

During this time, hydrogen fusion re-ignites in a shell around the dead core, however, this shell is incredibly thin. As the star’s core was convective during its main-sequence, the unfused hydrogen and the fusion products were mixed evenly, leading to hydrogen to deplete everywhere in the core almost simultaneously.

Due to Solakku’s high mass and metalicity, it takes only a few million years for enough heat to build up to ignite helium fusion in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash helium flash], from which point onwards it will fuse almost exclusively helium to carbon and oxygen using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process triple-alpha process]. Initially, Solakku now contracts again as it is no longer being inflated by the release of potential energy and cools further, reaching thermal equilibrium again. Its temperature will reach as low as 4100 K while its radius falls below 160 {{Solar radius}}.

This helium-burning phase will last at least 300 million years, during which carbon and oxygen steadily accumulate in the core. Its also likely that the convection zones will extend all the way to the surface during this time, deforming the shape of Solakku and powering intense stellar activity, such as massive flares. Towards the end of this phase, as even helium burning is increasingly restricted to a shell around an inert core, Solakku will repeat its earlier inflation, but at an even greater scale. This is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic_giant_branch asymptotic giant phase], during which the star’s radius will rise to over 0.75 AU, with an accompanying increase in luminosity to over 4000 {{Solar luminosity}}.

All these steps in Solakku’s evolution past the main-sequence, especially the asymptotic giant phase, will cause massive damage to what is left of Solakku’s planetary system at this point, due to intense luminosity heating most of the celestial bodies past the melting points of most metals. Solvis, Avalon, Nevu and perhaps Valaya will be stripped of their atmospheres and all liquids that are not molten rock if they haven’t already. [[Magnus]] will be completely lost sometime during the asymptotic giant phase, when Solakku’s radius grows past the planet’s orbit.
However, [[Musoya]] may briefly become habitable starting at the red giant phase, with volatiles on its surface melting and a thick atmosphere forming.

After less than 10 million years of the asymptotic giant phase, Solakku will enter the final active phase of its life. Almost all the helium left over from the main-sequence has been turned into other elements and helium fusion can now longer take place consistently. Instead, the remaining hydrogen fusing in a shell around the core repeatedly has to build up helium until a threshold is reached where all the buildup fuses explosively all at once, generating intense pulses of energy.

During the following 1 to 2 million years, these pulses rip away material from the outer layers of the star, shedding it into a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula planetary nebula]. Solakku is expected to loose at least 60% of its mass through this process, dropping in luminosity and core temperature the whole time, until, finally, neither helium nor hydrogen fusion can be sustained inside any longer. With nothing holding it back, Solakku will fully collapse into a carbon-oxygen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white dwarf], heating up to over {{val|100000|u=K|fmt=commas}} in the process, but compressed into a space just larger then the radius of Solvis. This inert object with an incredibly low luminosity will now spend the next trillions of years slowly cooling.

= Location =

[[File:Screenshot from 2025-06-03 17-58-11.png|thumb|Stars and star systems within 5 light-years of Solakku.|500px]]

Solakku is situated relatively close to the galactic core, orbiting the galactic core at a distance of just around {{val|8200|u=light-years|fmt=commas}}. This means it is situated in a dense stellar neighborhood, with around 20 stars less than 5 light-years distant from it, most of which are less massive, dimmer objects. The closest star not gravitationally bound to Solakku is [[Karat]], at under one light year distant.

Due to this, Solakku encounters flybys of other stars at a somewhat frequent rate, roughly every {{val|15000|u=years|fmt=commas}} another star passes within 0.5 light-years of Solakku. Even closer approaches have lower probabilities of occurring, but could disrupt the orbits of Solakku’s planets and Crest. It is likely that this happened at least once in the past, shifting several planets inwards to their current orbits.

However, Solakku’s age is also relatively low for a star, which statistically lowers the amount of such encounters that could probably have happened so far.
Currently, only Karat is slated for a relatively close flyby of Solakku in the near future, estimated to pass within 0.6 light-years in {{val|5000|u=years|fmt=commas}}.

The following table lists all known stars within a radius of 5 light-years around Solakku. An interactive map is accessible [https://avalikin.wiki/interactive/star-map/star-map.html at this link].
Only the primary element of each system is shown.

{| {{Table}}
! Designation !! Distance (ly) !! Stellar class
|-
! Solakku
| 0
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|7803|hexval}}"|kA5hA8mF4
|-
! [[Karat]]
| 0.96
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|11730|hexval}}"|DA4.4
|-
! Wanderer
| 1.02
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6888|hexval}}"|F2V
|-
! Ak-Vi
| 1.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4378|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! Arkut
| 1.89
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9123|hexval}}"|A2V
|-
! ISC-233
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1127|hexval}}"|T1.5
|-
! Thoje
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6028|hexval}}"|G0V
|-
! Tsija’s Star
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2789|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Rivalu
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4377|hexval}}"|K6V
|-
! ISC-57
| 3.27
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1722|hexval}}"|L4
|-
! 57 Sharu
| 3.34
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2400|hexval}}"|M9V
|-
! Tarik 27-C
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4222|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! ISC-22
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3070|hexval}}"|M5V
|-
! ISC-87
| 3.87
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|1922|hexval}}"|L2.5
|-
! ISC-89
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|828|hexval}}"|T6.5
|-
! ISC-168
| 4.20
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|4100|hexval}}"|K7V
|-
! Tarik 23
| 4.23
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|2690|hexval}}"|M7V
|-
! Evits 3
| 4.24
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5788|hexval}}"|G2V
|-
! Evits 9
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3567|hexval}}"|M2V
|-
! [[Amber Light]]
| 4.37
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|3689|hexval}}"|M1 III
|-
! Atsavara
| 4.45
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|6689|hexval}}"|F4V
|-
! Tarik 59
| 4.57
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|5180|hexval}}"|DZ11.8
|-
! Arakvus
| 4.95
| style="background-color:#{{Color temperature|9877|hexval}}"|A0V
|}

= Star system =

Solakku has seven known planets orbiting it, as well as one other star. This includes five [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets terrestrial planets], two [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants gas giants] and one [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giants ice giant]. There are also numerous bodies generally considered as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet dwarf planets], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous comets, such as [[Crravk]], and the companion star [[Crest]]. Six of these bodies also have natural satellites of their own.

Solakku’s planetary system in particular is roughly separated into two parts, the inner system before the frost line, up to and including Valaya and the outer system, starting at Edith. The outer system lies past the frost line, where it is cold enough for volatile chemicals to freeze, covering certain celestial bodies in those ices. The asteroid belt is also in this region, in-between [[Frost]] and [[Tusoya]], consisting of asteroids made up of silicates and frozen volatiles. This is material left over from the formation of the system that was not used in the formation of any celestial body. The most massive object orbiting within the belt is the dwarf planet [[Haväa]].

Due to the gravitational influence of Crest, there is a limit on how far away a celestial body, such as an asteroid of comet, can orbit from Solakku before inevitably being disrupted by Crest. There is evidence of a thin shell of asteroids surrounding the Solakku-Crest binary as a whole at a distance of at least 600 AU labeled as the Kreivali Sphere. Beyond that, the regular influence of interstellar objects prevents any stable orbits around Solakku.

As Solakku has a higher than average mass and the radii of planetary system orbits usually scale with star mass, distances between Solakku’s planets are vast. Generally, the farther a planet is from Solakku, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object. For example, the distance between Valaya and Edith is around 5 AU, but the distance from Edith to Frost is over 13 AU. 
If Solakku was a ball with a diameter of {{convert|10|cm|in}}, Valaya would be a sphere of {{convert|0.4|cm|in}} positioned at a distance of {{convert|620|m|ft}} away.

The below table lists all planets of Solakku and their largest or most significant natural satellites. Crest’s orbit is also listed for scale.

{| {{Table}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" | Name !! Mean distance from Solakku !! Equatorial Radius !! Mass || Orbital Period (Around Solakku) in years
! Avg. air temperature (if applicable)
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Infernum]]
| 0.025 AU
| 1.67 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 3.1 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 0.0028
| {{convert|2863|C|F}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Magnus]]
| 0.56 AU
| 0.494 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.075 {{Earth mass}}
| 0.3
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Solvis]]
| 2.91 AU
| 0.825 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.525 {{Earth mass}}
| 3.5
| {{convert|27.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mol]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.327|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Valaya]]
| 6.88 AU
| 0.878 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.686 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 13
| {{convert|65.85|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Mov]]
|
| 0.14 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.606|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Rivala]]
|
| 0.15 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ralu]]
|
| 0.35 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.087|e=22|u=kg}} 0.04 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Avalon]]
|
| 0.711 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.126 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-63.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Nevu]]
|
| 0.41 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.07 {{Earth mass}}
|
| {{convert|-83.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Char]]
|
| ~21.4 km
| {{Val|4.539|e=16|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Edith]]
| 12.58 AU
| 0.724 {{Jupiter radius}}
| 0.18 {{Jupiter mass}}
| 32.1
| {{convert|-46.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Crinta]]
|
| ~138 km
| {{Val|6.058|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Ghoruh]]
|
| 0.4 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.1 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultiva]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|4.696|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Trultosa]]
|
| 0.1 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|6.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kaao]]
|
| ~20 km
| {{Val|7.6|e=19|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Frost]]
| 27.43 AU
| 1.96 {{Earth radius}}
| 4.88 {{Earth mass}}
| 103.6
| {{convert|-164.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Res]]
|
| 0.3 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|1.644|e=23|u=kg}} 0.02 {{Earth mass}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Thahali]]
|
| 0.27 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|5.423|e=22|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Kalltsu]]
|
| ~15 km
| {{Val|2.429|e=17|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Haväa]]* *dwarf planet / asteroid belt
| 56 AU
| 0.16 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|2.12|e=22|u=kg}} 0.003 {{Earth mass}}
| 302.7
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Musoya]]
| 73.4 AU
| 0.97 {{Earth radius}}
| 0.57 {{Earth mass}}
| 453.7
| {{convert|-214.15|C|F}}
|-
! width="15%" |
! [[Arkuvos]]
|
| 0.13 {{Earth radius}}
| {{Val|8.281|e=21|u=kg}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Crest]]
| 322 AU
| 0.17 {{Solar radius}}
| 0.143 {{Solar mass}}
| 4022.4
|
|}